The Study On Temporal And Spatial Variation Characters Of Ecological Environmental Factors And Evaluation Of Ecological Environment In Liao River Basin Of Jilin Province

Liaohe river Basin in Jilin province belongs to vulnerable ecological region, In thisdensely populated basin, human activities are intensive and natural resources areoverloaded exploitation. Under the combined action of the natural and human factors,ecological environment of the study area degradate and water conservation capacityweakened year by year, which seriously affected the sustainable economic and socialdevelopment of the study area and downstream, Liaoning Province.To understand the process and main driving factors of the degradation of ecologicalenvironment in Liaohe River Basin of Jilin province, this paper analyses characteristics ofspatial variation and laws of ecological environment in the study area, which based on themulti-source and multi-temporal remote sensing data and a large number of socialstatistical data. With "3S" technology, the paper extracts a variety of ecologicalenvironment factors information from two aspects: natural environment factors whichinclude terrain, climate, vegetation, hydrology as well as human factors, and make aanalysis of each characteristics. The DEM technology is used to analysis the features oflandform. The region is gradually decreasing from the east to the west, and soil erosionaround Liao River is higher; the annual average temperature is rising during years of1957~2011, while the precipitation shows a decreasing trend, the climate in the study areaturns to be dry and warm, and the appearance of warm winter and extreme precipitationclimate is increasing in frequency; the runoff of East Liaohe River and Zhao Sutai Riverdecreased first and then increased, however,the general trend is decreasing since1960s.LUCC shows that the advantaged area in the study region is the cultivated land in theyear of1989,1996,2000,2008and2012, and with the rapid in study area development ofagriculture, the demand of cultivated land is also growing; LUCC patterns explains that inthe early stage of the research people’s consciousness of environmental protection is weak,the conversion from forest to farmland is the major pattern of land use change; later ismainly for the development of urban and rural construction; the annual NDVI increasesfrom northwest to Southeast, and the average of NDVI is increasing and the overallvegetation coverage turns better during2001~2011. The population increased from1984to2010, yet the annual growth rate reduced andthe population will decrease after2011. The amount of livestock will rise and mostgrasslands have become overgrazed.Through correlation analysis of various ecologic environmental factors andeco-environment evolution’s driving forces, it indicates that eco-environment factors havelow response to climate conditions.The changes of ecological environment in LiaoheRiver Basin of Jilin province are the interaction result of both natural factors and humanfactors.The ecological environment of Dongliao,Liaoyuan and Yitong have declined,otherregions have a certain degree of improvement.The research results of this paper can provide theoretical base and scientificfoundation to restore the ecological environment of the study area, even the entire basin. Itis extremely meaningful to ensure economic and social development, and to build riverecosystem which is in harmony with the water environment.