| Grassland in the west of Jilin province, located in the east of the Eurasia, is the main part of Songnen grassland with plat landform and abundant light and heat resources, meadow grassland is its zonal vegetation, and possesses a great diversity of plants. Naturally, it is an excellent rangeland and mowing land and one of the best husbandry bases of china as well. Nowadays, the area of grassland in the west of Jilin province is up to 1,360,000hm2, to maintain the ecological balance and the sustainable development of grassland of this area is one of the central tasks to the social and economical construction of Jilin province as a whole.However, with the rapid increasing of population and greater demand of livestock caused by economical progress, over-grazing is universal, as a result, holistic function of the grassland ecosystem is severely damaged, which greatly blocks the sustainable, stable, harmonious development of husbandry, It is reported Currently that the total area of grassland in the west of the Jilin province is 136,030,000hm2, the amount has decreased 52,670,000 hm2 compared with 1985's, grassland degeneration, land salinization and desertification(DSD) are typical environmental problems in this area .the area of degeneration grassland is 109.170.000 hm2 ,which takes up more than 80% of the total grassland area covering severe degradation grassland 51,850,000 hm2,moderate degradation grassland 48.620.000 hm2,light degradation only 870.00 hm2. In recent ten years, the average speed of grassland degradation is 2% per year, which is 5 times more than past thirty years, the reducing speed of grassland is 2.8% per year, grassland cover rate is only 10~70%, the productivity is about 300~1200kg per ha, soil hardening, fertility degradation and salinization are very serious, solinized patches can be seen far and near, grassland resources is close to exhausted. How to improve the economic benefit of grassland husbandry meanwhile achieve sustainable utility of grassland without endanger the benefit of our offspring and how to guarantee the economic and social prosperity meanwhile maintain regional ecological balance have become crucial strategic tasks faced to the social and economic improvement of the whole Jilin province. Carrying out the study of assessing the driving forces to grassland environmental degradation and the strategies to restore and control grassland environment has tremendous significance to give direction to grassland resources management and the sustainable development of grassland husbandry industry. This paper is based on the cooperate project fulfilled by environmental bureau and Jilin university "the study of mechanisms of grassland degradation in the west of Jilin province and the strategies of restoration " The contents of this paper can be concluded as follows:At the first part, the focus is to make certain the driving forces to grassland environmental degradation in the west of Jilin province. Upon the basis of comprehensive analysis of natural and human factors, related to its eco-environment, several key driving factors like aridity (the ratio of evaporation to rainfall), the degree of soil salinization, soil quality, population and husbandry pressure, the depth of dive, are selected out because they are closely correlated to grassland eco-environment, the seven factors deal with several aspects such as climate, soil, groundwater resources, social pressure etc. After the selection, under GIS platform, get data of each driving factors in form of coverage, then change these coverage into grid data, using 2.0km2 as the basic unit, the west part of Jilin province, whose total area is 4,700,000km2,is divided into over 23,630 grid units. Furthermore, combine each grid-coverage according to geographic coordinates, as a result, each grid units is endowed with seven attributes. Select sample spots in every county and city according to the scale of them, so that these spots can distribute proportionally and the attributes of these spots can reflect the actual state of |
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