Research On Evaluation Index System For Fire Protection Of High-rise Buildings

With the diversity and the complication of function, the traditional fire prevention designspecifications have significantly lagged behind the fire safety requirements. Just evaluate thefire risk in operational phase can’t fundamentally solve the problem that the fire prevention isinsufficient. In response to this phenomenon, this paper put forward the idea that the fireprevention function should be evaluated in the design stage, and established a scientific andeffective evaluation index system for the fire prevention function of the high-rise buildings.First, this thesis defined the fire development scenarios of the high-rise buildings. Thefire development is a process of spreading. According to the principle of the development, thispaper divided the spreading into the early stage, fire fully developed in the fire compartmentand the fire breaking through the fire compartment, and then analyzed the characteristics anddefined the fire prevention function in each scenery. The high-rise buildings should have thefire protection function such as fighting fire in early stage, controlling fire in the firecompartment, isolating the fire and ensuring the evacuation of people.Secondly, this thesis summed up the initial index system through the fault tree analysis.The evaluation result should reflect the effectiveness of the design truly and scientifically, atthe same time, the fault tree can not only analyse the direct course but also the deep reasons.The minimal cut sets can fully reflect the various possibilities of the fire protection failure,and the minimal radius sets are the measures that can control the fire development. Throughthe analysis and summary for the cut sets and path sets, the index system can be much morecomprehensive and objective. Based on the function that the high-rise buildings should have,this paper established 41 initial indicators.Finally, this thesis optimized and verified the validity of the index system by thestructural equation model. Although the initial indicators established by the fault tree have hadconsiderable completeness, in order to improve the scientific and operational nature of thesystem, this paper used structure equation model to optimize the indicator system. Thereasonableness of the default model proved the effective of the classification of the indicators.This paper made the standardized regression weights as the criteria for optimizing theindicators. When the standardized regression weight is less than 0.5, the indicator would beeliminated. As a result, the validity of index system is improved.Through the research above, this thesis proposed and demonstrated the feasibility of theevaluation for the fire protection function in design stage, embodied the whole life cycle ofdecision-making thought. It not only provides a new train of thought for the fire protection butalso provides some references for evaluation of other functions.