The Research Of Risk Management Program At Design Stage For Construction Safety Of EPC Project

EPC has led the direction of project management model and has been winning the market share, with higher intensivism compared to the traditional project management models which can reduce the management interface and easily control investments and risks. The risk management in construction industry is difficult, with the prevalence of accident ranking second among various sectors in China, only next to mining. It is estimated that the worker deaths has reached about3000in work security accidents. Measures of Traditional risk management are centered on the construction management, including promotion for security management consciousness, increase for security resources and improvement on safety management tools, which play a vital role in safety risk reduction and prevention for accidents. However, the increasing risk management can bring about the diminishing marginal effect for risk management returns rather than the linear increase for management effects.According to the practical researches by scholars in Britain, America and Australia, a set of management system is set up where on the basis of appropriate measures taken in design phase and risk assessment and safety audit on project entities, the design improvements are able to avoid security accidents in construction, hence the name "Security Design". The countries on the advanced level of project management have designed lots of auxiliary tools for security design, such as the list for construction risk in design phase, Knowledge Management, suggestion forms for Security Design, etc. In China, however, in the lack of systematic research on this field, the responsibility of risk management still belongs to contractors, to the domain of traditional risk management.The principle of Security Design is required to involve all the participants in the project life circle including the program of design, construction, purchase, maintenance and even business owner to apply the measures such as list for risk sources, expert interview and brain storm to make recognition of construction risk in advance to deal with it by designing measures. EPC breaks the traditional models disconnecting designing and construction, which provides the stage for security design. Under this model, project management department sets about risk management in design phase so that the risk is enabled to be recognized and dealt with from the risk sources.For the deep research on the risk management on security design, the interview with some designers in Changsha was conducted with questionnaire surveys on the large and medium sized design institutes. According to the survey,40percent of interviewees accept the principle of security design with a view that this principle can effectively eliminate the risk in construction phase and meanwhile enumerate the obstacles to implement security design, for example, increasing the responsibilities of designers, the resistance of national culture, the owners’sensitivities to the increase of investment. From the above survey, it can be seen that security design has a certain acceptability. Based on the literature survey and expert interview, this thesis has recognized91risk sources, drawn the two risk resource matrix according to the two dimensionalities, distributing subentry and nature of risk, and ordered the difficulty in design phase in analytic hierarchy process. It is found that the weight coefficient of each55item is less than0.01, which suggests that the risk sources can be tackled by security design; meanwhile weight coefficient of each8item is above0.03, which shows that the risk sources are difficult to deal with in design phase and the emphasis should be placed on the construction phase.Carried by EPC and based on the concept of Knowledge Management and Security Design, this thesis is endeavored to build the risk management system of construction in design phase on the basis of the model of EPC according to the three phases--the concept design, initial design and working drawing to manipulate the program of security design in each phase, converting the personal tacit knowledge of security design to program and explicit knowledge of companies to form the knowledge management.With a view to the practical effect on the principle of security design, it is suggested in this thesis that the concept be imposed on the whole construction industry on the basis of EPC Model.