The Mechanism Of Interaction Between Individual Differences In Perception Of Travel Costs And Road Congestion Charging

With the acceleration of processes of urbanization and motorization, theincrease of urban traffic supply could not keep up with the increase of trafficdemand, unbalance between traffic supply and demand has become more and moreobvious, traffic congestion has become a necessity phenomenon. Rapid growth oftraffic demand has had a great difficulty to be met only relying on infrastructureconstruction, consequently management measures should be found so that practicalproblems can be solved. Then traffic congestion charging measures, the mosteffective traffic demand management, have emerged as the times require.The content of this paper is mainly about road congestion charging theorybased on individual perception difference for travel cost. Firstly, by starting withthe concept of road congestion charging, the theoretical basis of static congestioncharging is set forth, and the travel cost function of car users based on the timevalue variable is established. At the same time, the survey method and basicconcept of the user travel time value is elaborated in the paper, and the resident tripof Hefei city is taken as the investigation object to get travel intentions data.Afterwards, with the help of the utility function of travel route choice, a modelcontaining individual perception differences for time, cost, monthly income will beestablished, and the correlation coefficient of the model will be calibrated. Andthen by using the Normal distribution, Lognormal distribution and Johnsondistribution respectively, the process of travelers’ perception differences for traveltime will be fitted out and the distribution form of time value would be derived, theresults show that when the time coefficient obeys the Johnson distribution, and costfactors are constant, the effect will be better while using the Johnson distributioncurve in simulating travel time differences in perception. In fact, travelers’ ownpsychological state decided by current situation of complex travel condition, aswell as temporary change of external environment will bring out travelers’Re-cognition for travel cost, eventually, it would influence the variation of travelcost. Therefore, when establishing bi-level congestion pricing model on multi-user,it should be more realistic by introducing the correction factor and adding the corresponding correction into the model, revised pricing model will be sketchedlike as: the model’s lower level is defined as the travelers’ route choice model, withthe target of minimizing generalized travel cost. Then based on minimum totaltravel time in road network, the upper level toll collection model taking intoaccount equity principle then has been educed.Finally, the congestion pricing model is analyzed and demonstrated by theexample, and the numerical results show that, despite the introduction of fairconstraint, the urban traffic congestion problems are not completely solved, but aslong as the range of the road network withstanding, the charging model can to acertain extent alleviate urban road congestion, and also be accepted and recognizedby the different sectors of the user groups while taking into account social equityprinciple.