Study On Electromagnetic Protection Techniques For Vehicle Electronic Control System

With the development of electronic technology, the electronization level andautomation level of vehicle electronic control systems are rising rapidly, whichgreatly enhanced handling performance and driving experience. However, due to theincreasing use of large-scale integrated circuits and microcontrollers, theelectromagnetic susceptibility of vehicle electronic control systems improved greatly,and the mobility and safety were also greatly reduced in the strong and complexelectromagnetic environment.Almost all civilian vehicles are designed based on the electromagneticcompatible standard, they have no basic survival ability and adaptability in the strongand complex electromagnetic environment, and they may be more vulnerable in faceof the threat of terrorist electromagnetic attacks. Based on this reality, to study theelectromagnetic protection techniques for civilian vehicle electronic control system isof great significance.First the paper introduced typical electromagnetic pulses and traditionalelectromagnetic protection techniques, and made a probing analysis of the basicstructure of the vehicle electronic control systems. Then the paper studied thecoupling ways and the damaging mechanism to the civilian vehicle electronic controlsystems of electromagnetic pulse, made a analysis of the electronic deviceselectromagnetic sensitivity according to the sensitivity and the damaging thresholdvalues of the electronic components, which helped to determine the emphasis parts toprotect. Based on the traditional electromagnetic protection techniques the paperstudied the new techniques and new methods about electromagnetic protection ofcivilian vehicle electronic control system from the point of engineering applications,and the major innovations of the paper included the following aspects.1. Designed the overall electromagnetic protection structure for vehicleelectronic control systems.Based on the Faraday cage principle of electromagnetic shielding, the papercombined the traditional electromagnetic protection techniques such as shielding,filtering and grounding from the overall level of the electronic control system and putforward the general principles to design the overall electromagnetic structure. Thendesigned the overall electromagnetic protection structure for vehicle electroniccontrol system, and verified the overall protective effectiveness by means of softwaresimulation, the results showed that the overall electromagnetic protection structuresimplified the electromagnetic protection works to implement and improved theperformance of the whole protection system. 2. Proposed the method of applying high power microwave limiter to protectvehicle electronic control system.Combined with the internal signal characteristics of vehicle electronic controlsystem developed a high-power microwave limiter using high-performance PINdiodes for vehicle electronic control system, and designed two HPM tests to verifythe protective effect of the limiter, the results showed that the special designed HPMlimiter has good performance, with the ability to suppress the electromagnetic pulsemore than20dB, enhanced the pertinence and reliability of electromagneticprotection.3. Proposed the idea of integrated electromagnetic protection for vehicleelectronic control system, designed and developed the integrated electromagneticprotection circuit for vehicle electronic control system.Defined the ideological and the meaning of integrated electromagneticprotection module, combined with the structural features of vehicle electronic controlsystem, integrated several electromagnetic protection means such as filtering, limitertechnique and pulse absorption into the protection circuit, which has standardizedconnectors connected with the wire harness, achieved the comprehensive protectionfor the electronic control unit and wiring harness. The integrated protection circuitgreatly enhanced the protection level for vehicle electronic control systems, improvedthe reliability and flexibility of the protective measures. It had a great engineering andpractical value.The innovations above-mentioned provide engineering solutions for civilianvehicle electromagnetic protection works, and provide new ideas and means forelectromagnetic protection of vehicle electronic control system, have importanttheoretical and application value for enhancing the vehicle’s survival ability andadaptability in the strong and complex electromagnetic environment.