Study On The Quantitative Index Of The Coupling Effects Of Water, Nitrogen And Potassium On Summer Maize

Hebei plain area is one of the country’s most drought areas, and annual precipitation is reduced. The shortage of water resource has become the limiting factor of sustainable development of high-efficient agriculture in North China Plain. The shortage of the water resources limit production of the region of agricultural, and fertilization unreasonable is the main reason for restricting water potential. Under certain conditions, fertilizer could increase crop water use efficiency, therefore water and nutrients in the problem of the relationship between the current agricultural research hot spot. Coupling effects of water and fertilizer is to strive for high crop yield, quality and efficiency the only way. Adjust measures to local conditions adjustment of water and fertilizer fertilization to produce synergy to" The purpose of the water to promote fertilizer "and "The purpose of the fertilizer to promote water", which is the realization of Hebei plain area of agricultural production water and fertilizer saving and high efficient way.In this paper, a pot experiment was conducted Xinji test base in Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province. The article with the studying object of maize, using the method of combining the pot experiment and laboratory analysis to explore the characteristics and patterns of water and fertilizer to increase the coupling effects, focused on the dry shed conditions, different water, nitrogen and potassium with the growth and yield of corn, and the best fertilizer to achieve a certain production target input indicators can be used as a reference guide practice.Studying the coupling effect of water, nitrogen and potassium fertilizer interaction, the whole growth stage of the design is very wet years, abundant water year, flat water type, water type, the shortage of water in lean ive water year, and analysis showed that the dosage of Water irrigation significantly influenced the yield of summer maize. There were 20 treatments in this experiment. To establish the yield and moisture, nitrogen fertilizer and potash fertilizer three factor regression models, shows that water, nitrogen and potassium on yield increase of corn has significant positive coupling effect. The results show that:（1） In the growth and development of Maize in different periods, the impact of irrigation amount on plant height, leaf area and stem diameter was significantly positively correlated. The affecting order of water fertilizer coupling on corn is W> K> N, and N effect was not significant.（2） In different fertilizer coupling conditions, the differences in various periods of the summer maize plant height, leaf area and stem diameter impact is significant. Treatment with a W3N3K3corn is highest, the lowest processing W1N3K3. When irrigation quantity was increased to W4（450mm ）, W5（520mm ）, maize plant height, leaf area and stem diameter decreases, which deal with W3N3K3（350mm ） corn growth compared to W5（520mm ） treatment, the amplitude is reduced by 45.17%. Description of a certain amount of nitrogen and potassium, plant height, leaf area and stem diameter within a certain range with the increase of irrigation amount of the increase, but when the irrigation is excessive, the growth of maize because the soil moisture large lead to ventilation adverse , plant growth is restricted, the plant height. In certain irrigation amount range, plant height, leaf area and diameter with fertilizer increased, but the amount of fertilizer overmuch, retard plant growth and development.（3） Significance test results show that the different water and fertilizer coupling conditions, the biomass of summer corn fertilizer regression model to obtain corn biomass with the regression equation as follows: Y=-28.03+53.10W+8.92N+17.53K,significance test of regression coefficients showed, W, N, K on corn biomass of positive effect, the factors effect coefficient by W > K > N.（4） In the corn during the vegetative growth, low irrigation amount W1N3K3 treatment shoot ratio highest irrigation amount W5N3K3 treatment, followed by the root cap than the minimum under the medium irrigation amount W3N3K3 treatment conditions, showed that low irrigation quantity and high irrigation water conditions are not conducive to the growth of maize, middle irrigation quantity is the corn growth best. In the reproductive growth stage of maize, root shoot ratio overall trend and vegetative growth stage tends to be the same, and the W3N3K3root shoot ratio compared to W1N3K3 and W5N3K3 treatment, the root shoot ratio increased respectively 87.64% and 86%.（5） Under the condition of different water and nitrogen and potassium on maize yield, spike weight, spike length and100-seed weight was significantly different effects. The W3N3K3processing in yield, spike weight, spike length and weight were the highest, the most significant difference.（6）The mathematical models were established as follow: Y=81.96+3.75W+2.75N+1.13K-1.08W²-3.68N2-1.65K2+0.03WN-0.05WK-1.95NK. Analysis showed that the dosage of Water irrigation significantly influenced the yield of summer maize. And then are volume of N and the rate of K fertilizer. The interaction effects among these factors were on the corn yield with the influenced order as N and water>K and water>N and K. Then indicating that water, nitrogen, potassium, three factors are the main factors on corn yield, but the impact of the role of differences.（7） Water, nitrogen and potassium application rate and yield of summer maize were found between opening downward parabola relationship. That Yi to the great value, the three factors alone application amount of the table next summer corn is more sensitive to water demand, and there are certainly most suitable for the demand for nitrogen and potassium.（8） Water and nitrogen on maize yield to a parabola, in line with the law of diminishing returns, and the front analysis coincide. However, the interactive effects of water and fertilizer is far less than water nitrogen interaction significantly, a smooth parabola curved surface. Nitrogen, potassium interaction on maize yield surface is gently sloping, and nitrogen application amount in 180 kg / hm² and 120 kg / hm² potassium application rate, the highest yield, can reach 81.96 g / pot. When fertilizer combined application of the irrigation amount for 0 （medium level of 350mm）, and N = 0（180 kg/hm²）, K = 0（120 kg/hm²）, the highest corn yield.（9） The highest yield mathematical model regression analysis, three-factor value of water, nitrogen, potassium （1、0、0）, corresponds to the irrigation amount, the amount of nitrogen application rate, the amount of potassium, respectively 450mm, 180 kg·hm^-2,120kg·hm^-2. Only make the corn yield, the highest value Y_max = 84.63g/pot.