Evaluation On Germplasm Resources And Study On Seeding Classification Of Aster Tataricus L.f.

Aster tataricus L.f., whose roots and the rhizomes are important and traditional medicine in China, is a kind of dicotyledonous plant from Asteraceae family. Due to mixed seedlings resources and no registered rules to control quality of Aster tataricus L.f. germplasms, the Aster yield keeps a low level which causes the cultivation area gradually decreased in recent years and can’t meet the martket needs. Evaluating the germplasm of Aster and conduct Aster seedlings quality classification criterion will be base to improve the yield and quality of Aster, thus to promote the production effiency and enlarge the cultivate areas.On the base of extensive market research and experts and farmers require, 44 seedlings of Aster were selected from Anguo City and Bozhou City respectively, and used as materials for germplasm evaluation. The seedling classification criterion was studied by adopting the orthogonal experiment design L9(34) with stem hair number, stem diameter and shoot distances as main factors. Also, taking the seedling emergence, growth vigor, plant height, yield and quality etc as the references, the classification results were checked after grading field planting. Moreover, interval sample analysis of shinbone content with HPLC was conducted during growth period of Aster tataricus L.f. The results were as follows:1. By analyzing stem hair number, stem diameter and bud distance of different sources of seedlings, the results showed that stem hair number of different seedlings varied in a large range, usually 1-15 stem hair in Anguo, 1-9 in Bozhou. Coefficient of variation was 57.5% and 60.0% respectively, and it showed significant difference. The stem diameter varied in a large range also, between 0.18-0.48cm in Anguo and 0.23-0.55cm in Bozhou. Coefficient of variation is 33.3% and 30.7% respectively, it showed significant difference. Bud distance varied in a small range, 1.5-3.8cm in Anguo and 0.7-3.1cm in Bozhou. Coefficient of variation is 4.15% and 6.31% respectively, it showed not significant difference.2. The results of germplasm resources evaluation showed that agronomic traits of two sources showed variation at different levels. Leaf width had no significant difference, the leaf width from Anguo germplasm was between 7-12cm, and Bozhou was between 6 and 11cm, Coefficient of variation was 8.2% and 6.0% respectively. There was significant difference for emergence rate and medicinal dry weight from two districts, emergence rate from Anguo seedlings was 75.6% averagely, and Bozhou 69.8% averagely, Coefficient of variation was 43.2% and 38.3% respectively. The mean of medicinal dry weight of Anguo seedlings was 667.6g/m2, Bozhou 618.8g/m2, Coefficient of variation was 31.1% and 36.2% respectively. Content of shinbone also showed significant difference between two district germplasms, Anguo 0.2695%-0.3754% and Bozhou 0.2214%-0.3668%, Coefficient of variation was 17.3% and 22.0% respectively.3. The results showed that shinbone accumulated in both underground and ground parts in Aster tataricus L.f. In underground parts, shinbone content showed such trend as increase first then decrease late with Aster plants developing. But in each part it reached the highest value on October. And in terms of affecting extent were fibrous root, lateral root, root model head height of stem and root stock. The ground parts, of which leaf was the main organ for shinbone accumulation, had lower shinbone than underground parts.4. Growth years was a main factor on shinbone accumulation of Radix Aster. Biennial Aster is prone to bolting for reproductive growth which inhibited the roots development and shinbone biosynthesis. The content of shinbone in underground parts was as low as 0.18%-0.25%, 2-3 times lower than that in annual plants.5. Indoor germination experiments showed that three factors, i.e. stem hair number, stem diameter and bud distance, had different corelationship with germination rate. Stem hair number and stem diameter were the main factors, which affected the germination rate to a significant or very significant level, but bud distance showed no significant effect on it in Anguo seedlings.6. Field test results showed, Germination rate, growth, plant height, root fresh weight and dry weight had significant or very significant correlation with seedling grades. According to the difference of stem hair number, stem diameter, the aster seedlings were divided into 3 grades, Grade 1 seedlings: stem hair number was higher than 4 and stem diameter was higher than 0.3cm. The seedlings had satisfied germination rate and the plants grow well to reach the high yield. Grade 2 seedlings: stem hair number was higher than or equal to 2 and stem diameter was higher than or equal to 0.25cm. Grade 3 seedlings: stem hair number was less than 2 and stem diameter was less than 0.25cm.7. The production performance of seedlings with different grade showed the yield and shinbone content of Grade 1 seedling had significant difference from that of Grade 2 , Grade 3 and Check group, Grade 3 seedlings were obviously lower than check group. According to the results, Grade 1 and 2 seedlings were qualified seedlings with yield of 700-800kg per mu. They also can be used for seedling production.