Study On The Eco-geography Of Soil Fauna Of Farmland Shelterbelts System

As a factor to indicat environment in ecological system，soil animal will well effecton reflecting the existing state of ecological system and environmental changes. Inrecent years, there have been some about soil animal related research. But it is seldomstudy on farmland and forest ecological system in the Songnen plain. Farmland andforest ecological system will protection forest has ecological benefit, social benefit andeconomic benefit. Our country wants to construct the Three-North protection forestproject to realize the food security and ecological safety. The Songnen plain is one ofthe important commodity grain production bases，its grain yield plays a decisive roleposition. Therefore the research of the farmland protective forest ecological benefits inSongnen plain has practical significance. This passage compares to three main types ofsoil and four types of vegetations in the Songnen plain, study on numbers, species andcomposition distribution in farmland shelterbelts. In order to reveal the relationship ofsoil animal and community environment，to provide basic data for the study of soilanimal fauna in Songnen plain，to provide relevant information for the agriculturalsector, to provide decide evidence for the department of environmental management andto provide decide evidence for the department of farmland shelterbelts.Through the investigation in September and October in2010. We selected differentkinds of landform types in Songnen plain named low plain，high plain and lowmountains and hills, and selected four parts in them named forest internal，the edge offorest，the edge of farmland，farmland internal.Every parts selects eight place.In order todisscuss the ecological benefit of farmland and forest ecological system through soilanimal. In all we got23799individuals, attribute to3Phylums，6classes，21prders and87categories. Among which macro-soil animals occupied56categories，4881individuals， dominant groups inclues Enchytraeidae and Formicidae； small andmedium-sized soil animal occupied60categories，18918individuals，dominant groupsinclues Oribatida and Mesostigmata. In the number of individuals and groups small andmedium sized soil animals are more than macro-soil animals. The number ofcategories，individuals and biomass have different distributions in different tapes of soiland vegetations，community compositions are complication. The horizontal distribution by the macro-soil animals in forest are more than infarmland；the small and medium-sized soil animals in the edge areas are more than inforest and farmland；in overall soil animals into surface layer obviously in verticaldistribution.Soil animal community characteristic index and the similarity indexindications thatWiener index，evenness index, richness index and domomamce index are differentamong these study areas；the similarity index are different in every areas too，thesethree aeras are between0.25and0.50，medium difference.There are more studys on functional groups of macro-soil animals，but thispassage is study it deeply.We added omnivore，and study on different kinds of landformtypes，at the same time we also study on different distant from forest.We found somelaws in it.The correlation analysis by comparison the number of individual，group numberand biomass of soil animals and nutrition elements,heavy metal，trace elements，andcomparison the number of individual，group number of different feeding habits soilanimals have no evident correlation.