The Behaviors Time Budget And Sex Identification By CHD Gene For Mute Swan

During January to June in2011, we observed and analyzed data to Mute Swans in Xiaoshan Rare birds’Farm in Zhejiang province by using instant scan method. The study found that there are clear gender differences of Mute Swans in hatching period in the behaviors time budget and activity rhythm. Female (male) important behavior in the hatching period of time allocated to nesting9.84%(male4.67%), reproduction75.41%(male4.14%), feeding2.58%(male7.85%), preening4.00%(male10.39%), standing1.52%(male15.48%), walk0.52%(male4.26%), alert0.90%(male3.93%), rest2.77%(male30.74%), swimming2.23%(male16.55%), bathing0.24%(male2.00%).Using independent sample T test to analysis the differences of behaviors time budget in hatching periods between male and female. The results showed that except that preening of Mute Swans between female and male was not significant (P>0.05), other acts were significantly different (P<0.05), in breeding, stand, walk, rest, swimming and bathing behavior there was guite significantly different (P<0.01). By comparison of different weather conditions, it was indicating that the Mute Swans had not only difference in behaviors time budget,but also exist significant differences between the female and the male. Mute Swan is a monomorpHism bird, the males are in appearance very similar to the females, so it is difficult to directly determine the sex, the pHenomenon of the human mismatch occur frequently in breeding. Therefore it need their gender identification by molecular biology methods.The universal primers P2/P8and2550F/2718R are two pairs of primers for non-ratite birds’ CHD gene. Although the high generality, the experiment result shows that two pairs of primers for the Swan case of CHD gene amplification is not unsatisfactory. Four kinds of swans with CHD gene amplified by2550F/2718R recovery sequencing was part of four swan CHD gene fragment, a comparative analysis of use the Chromos software, DNAstar package applications, and the NCBI Blast, by the sequence design Swan CHD genetic characteristics of the genus common primers. Were designed nine pairs of primers, of which six pairs of CHD-Z gene primers and three pairs of primers CHD-W gene. Primer mix of the two genes and found that the the primers ZR1/ZF1and WR2/WF2combination of the best, by adjusting the annealing temperature to optimize PCR conditions for specific primers, reaction conditions,. The identification results of the primers with known sex sample comparison results are consistent, confirmed the availability of the primer and template concentration gradient experiments show that for lng/μLwhen the template concentration, primer is still valid, confirmed the high sensitivity of primer. The blind test experiment results confirm the primer and accuracy was100%.