The Study On Behavior Time Budget And It's Influencial Factors Of Przewalski's Horse (Equus Przewalskii)

From July 2006 to October 2008,all-occurrence sampling, scan sampling and focal sampling methods were used to study the main behaviors time budget,the hiarichy of the new formed group in in Xinjiang Przewalski Horse Breeding and Studying Centre (89°14'-89°36'E,45°49'-46°04'N) and the first releasing site in Kalamaili Natural Reserve of north Xinjiang(88°30'-90°03'E,44°36'-46°00'N).Besides,we analysed the seasonal varity of water resourses,the utilitation of Przewalski horse to water,and the roam area sesonal change of released group.Last,aimed to the abnormal death in two years,we analysed the reasons and try to propose the ameliorative suggests. The results are listed below.1.The main behaviors time budegt,in summer and autumn, there are significant difference in drinking (F=13.17, P=0.001) and locomotion (F=10.88, P=0.003) between captured and released adults,but no difference on feeding(F=1.96,P=0.17),lying resting(F=0.12, P=0.73) and stand resting(F=3.46,P=0.07);there are significant difference on feeding (F=8.11, P=0.009), standing resting (F=15.24, P=0.000) and locomotion (F=16.14, P=0.000) between captured and released sub-adults, but no significant difference on drinking (F=3.55, P=0.073) and lying resting (F=0.04, P=0.835);there are significant difference on drinking(F=26.57, P=0.000)and locomotion(F=59.62, P=0.000), but no significant difference on feeding(F=0.84, P=0.367), stand resting(F=0.32, P=0.579) and lying resting(F=2.97, P=0.099).Realat to been providing forage grass three times every day,the behaviors rhythm curve of captured individuals in daytime fluctuate with three peaks and two low points,but the behaviors rhythm curve of released individuals express placid.2.The agonistic behaviors of family group display appreantly in the early after been formated,and the agonistic behaviors between the individuals have the same age show fiercely.Execpt stallion,all females rank accordingly as linear series corresponding to its age,show positive significant correlation (r=0.94, t=13.99, r>ro.o5).There is no significant correlation between the age and the aggressive behaviors frequency (r=0.60, t=1.62, r＜r0.05), but significant correlation between the age and the surrender behaviors (r=0.88, t=6.75, r>ro.o5).3.The number and the Water resourses quality reduce seasonly,and the water uitliztion of Przewalski horse also exist seasonal variation.The roam area of family group in wild have the lessen tendency with alteration of seasons.4.The abnormal death of released Przewalski horse concentrate from August to October,the main reason which lead to 6 Przewalski horses been crushed death and at least 3 Przewalski horses attacked by wolves is reduce of utilizable water and changed palatable grass.