| Vicia sativa L. and Vicia villosa Roth. are two excellent varieties of leguminous green manure. A field experiment was carried out to study the growth characteristics and nutrient accumulation of three Vicia sativa L.varieties and three Vicia villosa Roth.varieties. Further using pot experiments, this paper also studied the effects of applying N, K fertilizer replacing with different proportion of Vicia sativa L.on Sorghum sudanenses (Piper) Stapf and Lolium perenne L. growth, nutrient absorption, soil fertility and the fertilizer utilization ratio with the same nutrient amount. For the purpose of providing theory basis for the production and utilization of Vicia sativa L.and Vicia villosa Roth.The main results showed as follows:1. The changing pattern of dry matter and nutrient accumulation were uniform in different varieties and appeared "S" curve,and the dry matter and nutrient accumulation of them increased slowly at seeding period while they accumulated quickly during squaring and flowering periods.The dry matter accumulation of three Vicia sativa L. varieties increased slowly at seeding period. Among them, the accumulation of Huaijian NO.1is the lowest, only arrived at172.78kg/hm2; while Ximu333is the highest191.97kg/hm2. The dry matter rapidly accumulate during flowering and podding periods with the total accumulation of Sujian NO.4is up to12482.70kg/hm2, accounting for90.75percent of dry matter accumulation at podding period. The nutrient accumulation showed a similar trend with dry matter accumulation because of the impact of dry matter weight. The nutrient accumulation of N, P, K of Sujian NO.4is the highest at podding period, accounting for89.04percent,86.76percent and78.68percent of maximum accumulation respectively.Three varieties of Vicia villosa Roth.grew slowly at seeding period, and their dry matter and nutrient quickly accumulated at squaring period and initial-flowering period, then achieved the maximum at initial-flowering period. Among them, the dry matter and nutrients accumulation of75-121were the biggest, respectively for dry matter13767.74kg/hm2, nitrogen370.42kg/hm2, phosphorus43.94kg/hm2, potassium262.43kg/hm2. Because petals and leaves falled off, the dry matter and nutrient accumulation decreased at full-flowering period and podding period, with75-121reducing most rapidly in dry matter an average drop of135.27kg/(hm2·d), nutrient accumulation is in a similar law. The dry matter and nutrients accumulation of three Vicia villosa Roth.varieties at podding period were close but75-121is the highest.2. There was significant difference between Vicia sativa L.and Vicia villosa Roth.in growth process.The reproductive periods of Vicia sativa L.are earlier than Vicia villosa Roth.by30d～45d, but the whole growth cycle is short in the latter about25d. Among three varities of Vicia sativa L., Sujian NO.4is the first variety into flowering periods, followed by Ximu333and Huaijian NO.1, about7days interval among them. But there was no significant difference among three varieties of Vicia villosa Roth..3. Under the equal nutrient quantity, green manure (Vicia sativa L.) partly replacing K fertilizer is conducive to Sorghum sudanenses (Piper) Stapf and Lolium perenne L. growth and development, and improve fertilizer utilization rate; the better proportion is25percent and50percent. Compared with the treatment of only chemical fertilizer, the dry matter and nutrient accumulation of treatments that green manure partly replacing fertilizer improved. The amplitude of dry matter of75%F+25%G is1.23%and3.27%in2010and2011, and the nutrient accumulation of it improved4.71%～13.75%and7.33%～13.70%;while the dry matter of50%F+50%G improved12.55%and2.96%, and the nutrient accumulation of it improved1.21%～19.87%and13.98%～23.39%. Green manure partly replacing fertilizer can improve fertilizer utilization ratio as well, the utilization ratio of75%F+25%G increased by3.82%～17.81%while50%F+50%G increased by9.95%～30.83%. Green manure (Vicia sativa L.) partly replacing K fertilizer had no significant effect on sol fertility after harvest.4. Under the equal nutrient quantity, green manure (Vicia sativa L.) partly replacing fertilizer could increase Sorghum sudanenses (Piper) Stapf and Lolium perenne L. dry matter and nutrient accumulation and improve fertilizer utilization ratio; The dry matter and nutrient accumulation of Sorghum sudanenses (Piper) Stapf and Lolium perenne L. of different treatments appeared that75%F+25%G>25%F+75%G> 50%F+50%G>100%G>100%F in2010, while it appeared that50%F+50%G>75%F+25%G>25%F+75%G>100%G>100%F in2011. Compared with the treatment of only chemical fertilizer, the fertilizer utilization ratio of replacing25%fertilizer,50%fertilizer and75%fertilizer were1.09～1.62times,1.04～1.44times and1.03～1.84times. |
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