| A field experiment with single factor randomized block design was carried out, the flue-cured tobacco varieties was Yunyan87, the green manure species was ViciavillosaRothvar., to study effects of combining application of green manure and fertilizer under the same nutrition and green manure application combined with different fertilizer rate on growth and development, nutrient uptake, yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco, to show the equivalent alternative rate of green manure and fertilizer, to show the appropriate amount of fertilizer after green manure application.1. The results showed that the growth of flue-cured tobacco was inhibited in the dry year, especially in the condition of applying no fertilizer. At the same time, the disease of flue-cured tobacco severely occurred, the yield and output value were significantly depressed. In comparison with the treatment of recommended fertilization, combining application of green manure and chemical fertilizer obviously increased the plant height, the length and width of the max leaf and stem circumference of flue-cured tobacco, enhanced the dry weight of root, stem and leaves of flue-cured tobacco, decreased the incidence of granville wilt and tobacco mosaic virus. The higher the percentage of green manure accounted for total rate of fertilizer application, the higher was the yield and output value of the flue-cured tobacco. To compare with recommended fertilization application, the yield and output value of flue-cured tobacco that the green manure were applied were 1.16-1.71 times and 1.09-2.16 times, respectively. The results also showed that green manure pressing reduced the nitrogen content of leaves at maturity, increased the ratio of nitrogen, potassium, carbon accumulation to whole plant at upper leaves maturity. Combining application of green manure and chemical fertilizer increased the content of nicotine and potassium in all leaves, decreased the ratio of reducing sugar to nicotine in all leaves and the ratio of total nitrogen to nicotine in middle and lower leaves, and improved the ratio of total nitrogen to nicotine in upper leaves of the flue-cured tobacco. These suggested that the harmony of the chemical component of flue-cured tobacco be raised when green manure was ploughed in.2. Compared with the treatment of recommended fertilization, treatments that green manure replaced 15%-45% chemical fertilizer under the equal nutrient quantity increased yield of flue-cured tobacco significantly (the rate of increasing was 12.6%-26.7%). The total yield, total output value, yield and output value of secondary and superior leaves of the treatment that green manure replaced 15% chemical fertilizer was higher than the treatment of recommended fertilization. Treatments pressing green manure increased the content of potassium in lower and upper leaves (respectively 1.65%-11.30%,9.28%-30.84%), decreased the content of nicotine, reducing sugar content(respectively reduced the maximum 25%,24%), decreased the ratio of reducing sugar to nicotine in middle leaves(reduced the maximum 32%).All treatments pressing green manure decreased the ratio of root DM to total DM at lower and upper leaves maturity, increased the ratio of leaves DM to total DM, decreased the content of nitrogen in root, stem, leaves and total plant at middle and upper leaves maturity, and increased the content of phosphous in leaves at middle and upper leaves maturity. The treatment that green manure replaced 15% chemical fertilizer decreased the ratio of phosphous accumulation in root, potassium accumulation in root and stem to phosphous and possium accumulation in total plant at upper leaves maturity, increased the ratio of phosphous and possium accumulation in leaves to phosphous and possium accumulation in total plant at upper leaves maturity, decreased the ratio of carbon accumulation in root at lower and upper leaves maturity, increased the ratio of carbon accumulation in leaves to total plant at lower and upper leaves maturity.3. Compared with the local amount of fertilizer (chemical fertilizer),whether ramianing the amount of fertilizer or reducing the amount by 15%-30%, the field experiments lasted for two years showed that the yield and value did not changed significantly. First year, treatments of pressing green manure decreased the output value of flue-cured tobacco (the rate of decreasing was 6.8%-14.3%), the yield of the treatment that reduced the amount of fertilizer by 15% there was increasing trend (increased by 5.3%), the yield of treatments ramianed the amount of fertilizer and reduced the amount of fertilizer by 30% there were decreasing trend (decreased by 2.4% to 8.2% respectively). Second year, the total yield and total value, the yield and value of superior leaves, the yield and value of secondary leaves of the treatment that the amount of fertilizer reduced by 15% were higher than the treatment of only fertilizer (compared with the treatment of only fertilizer increased by 6.7% and 6.2%, 8.4% and 10.7%,8.0% and 4.0%).4. Pressing green manure improved the quality of flue-cured tobacco. Compared with the treatment of only fertilizer, the first year after pressing green manure, treatments applied different amount of fertilizer improved the content of nicotine and nitrogen, the content of potassium in upper leaves, the second year after pressing green manure, treatments applied different amount of fertilizer improved the content of nicotine in different parts of leaves, the content of nitrogen in lower, middle and upper leaves, the content of potassium in middle leaves, decreased the content of reducing sugar in upper leaves, the ratio of reducing sugar to nicotine and nitrogen to nicotine in upper leaves.5. The first year after pressing green manure, treatments applied different amount of fertilizer improved DM accumulation of root, stem, leaves and total plant of flue-cured tobacco, increased DM distribution of root, increased the content of to nitrogen in leaves and total plant at different stages. The second year after pressing green manure, increased DM distribution of leaves, decreased the content of carbon in root, stem, leaves and total plant of flue-cured tobacco, were benefit for potassium transferring from the roots to leaves. |
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