The Effect Of The Compound Microbial Fertilizer On The Physiological Characteristics Of Oats And Vicia Sativa And Soil Available Nutrient In Saline-alkali Land

The objective of the experiment is to explore the role of the compound microbial fertilizer playing in improving the saline-alkali land.Combining the pot experiment with the field experiment,the oats（Y）and Vicia sativa（W）were used as the objects based on the background of 3 different treatments:A microbial fertilizer（100kg/mu）,B microbial fertilizer（100kg/mu）+chemical fertilizer（urea 20kg/mu,diammonium phosphate20kg/mu）and C chemical fertilizer（urea 20 kg/mu+diammonium phosphate 20 kg/mu）.In this experiment,the change regularities of morphology upon and below the ground,the physiological characteristics and biological yield of the Y and W were studied and simultaneously,the soil available nutrient were also analyzed.The results are as follows.1.On the saline-alkali land,the taproots growth of the two crops both were inhibited and they adapted to the saline-alkali environment through the morphological changes in the lateral roots.In particular,compared with the C treatment,the number of lateral root bifurcations and root tips as well as the lengthening of the root tips for this specific environment benefited more from the B treatment.And the root/shoot ratio of the Y and W tended to decrease along with the development.Since the 60^th day,the volume and surface area of the root started decreasing while the length of the root increasing.On the 75^th day,both crops of B treatment are significantly higher than the corresponding ones of C treatment.2.The microbial fertilizer had promoting effect on the leaves SPAD value increasement of both crops.In plot experiment,the variations existed in the increasement of the both crops’SPAD value during different development stages.However,the B treatment showed the optimal results in general.On the 75^th day,the Ci of BY decreased by 16.03%in comparison with CY and the BW’s decreased by 10.41%compared with the CW’s.On the 60^th day,the Tr of BY increased by 16.67%compared with CY,AW’s increased by 285.83%compared with CW’s.The Gs and Pn of Y reached the highest value on the 45^th day.As for the field experiment,The SPAD value of BY increased by 9.30%in contrast with CY;for BW and CW,the former increased by 11.33%compared with the latter.The values of Ci,Tr,Pn and Gs are generally better in both crops of B treatment.On the 75^th day,the Ci of BY increased by 5.36%in contrast with CY;For BW and CW,the former increased by 6.19%compared with the latter.3.The microbial fertilizer could improve the resistance of the oats and Vicia sativa to the saline-alkali stress in plot and field experiments and assuage the damages caused by the saline-alkali stress;The content of the proline and malondialdehyde,promote the transportation of the soluble protein,reduce the membrane system damages casued by the membrane lipid peroxidation due to the saline-alkali stress and maintain the stability of the membrane system.In particular,the effect of B treatment is optimal.4.Microbial fertilizer enriched the soil nutrition and reduced the pH value and conductivity.In the plot experiment,the soil organic matter of BY and BW both are higher than the control.During the 15^th and 45^th-75^th day,the content of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen（AN）of Y showed a pattern of B>A>C while the W of B treatment achieved the highest AN in the same period.On the 60^th and 75^th days,compared with C treatment,the available phosphorous of Y and W is separately increased by 21.28%,7.33%;36.70%,28.84%.The content of available phosphorous in Y exhibited a pattern of B>A>C.In the field experiment,the organic matter of the 0-20cm soil of BY significantly increased by18.82%compared with that of CY.AN of BY significantly increased by 24.27%in comparison with CY.The available phosphorous of BW significantly increased by 22.73%compared with CW.For B and C,the available phosphorous of the Y and W respectively increased by 15.65%and 17.70%while the pH value of the BY decreased by 2.89%compared with CY.The organic matter of 20-40cm soil of BW increased by 8.70%.AN and the available phosphorous of BY increased by 13.04%and 10.13%compared with CY.The electrical conductivity of the BW decreased by 32.78%compared with CW.5.Under different treatments,Both the biological yields were higher than that of the chemical fertilizer-only treatment.The biological yields of the oats and Vicia sativa are highest in B treatment group.A treatment is secondary to the B treatment.No matter of the plot experiment and field experiment,on the 75^th day,the biological yields of oats and Vicia sativa of B treatment separately increased by 4.00%,8.40%;8.07%,27.26%.The results of the experiment showed the microbial fertilizer could be broadly used in the saline-alkali land.Fertilized with the chemical fertilizer,B treatment could improve the physicochemical properties of saline-alkali land and promote the growth of the crop.