Researches On Biological Control And Physicai Control Of Main Edible Funguses Insect Pests

We studied the pupolation dynamics of the insect pests on the main edible fungi through using the insecticidal lamps of different colors and sticky boards to lure varieties of pests in this paper. Trapping effectiveness of different colors to insect pests on edible fungi was compared. Meanwhile, the botanical insecticides, entomopathogenic nematodes and Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis were chosen to control Lycoriella pleuroti, aiming to lay a theoretical foundation for pollution-free control of pests on edible fungi.The species of pests on3species of edible fungi, Coprinus comatus, Ganoderma lucidum and Pleurotus ostreatus, were investigated from2010to2011. The results showed that the main kinds of pests were dipteran insects, in which the dorminant pest was Sciaridae. In the investigation of three kinds of edible fungi, the percentage of Sciaridea was more than70%. Through the population dynamic, analysis of pests on Ganoderma lucidum, the results showed that the peak of Coprinus comatus occured on August19,2011, while the Ganoderma lucidum occurred on July22,2011. The number of pests on both edible fungi increased with the temperature rise.Five kinds of color lamps and ten kinds of sticky boards were used to trap the pests on Coprinus comatus. The results showed that the green lamps had best trapping effectiveness to many kinds of pests, followed by white and yellow lamps in turn. The blue lamp trapped small quantities of pests, but the most to Musidae. The pink lamps trapped very small quantities of pests among the five lamps. The results of sticky boards showed that the yellow, white, green and black ones had better trapping effectiveness, in which the yellow one was the best. The trapping effectiveness of dark blue sticky board for Muscidae and Phoridae was much better than yellow lamps. For the most serious Sciaridea, the trapping effectiveness from high to low in turn was:yellow, white, green, black, gray, pink, red, blue, purple and wathet blue.The toxicity of five botanic insecticides to the Lycoriella pleuroti was determined The results showed that the toxicity of veratridine, azadirachtin and matrine was higher than alpha-cypermethrin at25℃. The veratridine was the best, its LC50to the second instar larvae at25℃was0.062mg/L. The toxicity of pyrethrin and celastrus was not high. In the temperature effects, botanic insecticide showed different insecticidal effectiveness as temperature varied. There were some positive temperature effects between5℃and15℃for pyrethrin, celastrus and matrine, while negative temperature effects between15℃and25℃. Veratridine and azadirachtin had some positive temperature effect between5℃and25℃.The indoor control trial of entomopathogenic nematodes to Lycoriella pleuroti showed that the infection rates of Steinernema carpocapsae A24was higher than that of Heterorhabditis indica LN2. When the ratio of nematodes to Lycoriella pleuroti were193:1and1254:1, larvae mortality was50%. Infection of two nematodes to Lycoriella pleuroti increased as the temperature rose. Infection rates rose slowly between5℃and20℃, and fast between20℃and30℃.The indoor control trial of5000IU/mg Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis(Bti) wettable powder showed that death rates with the top concentration was26.67%on48h and55%on120h. LC50was3765.256mg/L on120h. Toxicity of Bti to Lycoriella pleuroti increased as the temperature rose, positively rose at5℃to15℃. The toxicity relevance to temperature was not obvious between15℃and30℃. It was at25℃that the death rate reached the maximum.