Effects Of Quantitative Fertilization On Yield And Quality Of Sugar Beet(Beta Vulgaris L.)in Hongxinglong Region Of Heilongjiang Province

Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) was a special and economic crop in north China.Because the single yield was not high, the total yield was not stable, the sugar content taked on a trend of decrease, the industry of refining sugar faced an serious challenge in Heilongjiang province which was the sugar beet main production region.For this, unreasonable fertilization was one of the key reasons.So experiments were conducted with "3414" best regression design of fertilizer effect in the experiment base of Hongxinglong Agriculture Research Institute from2010to2011. We studied the effects of quantitative fertilization on yield and quality of sugar beet in Hongxinglong region of Heilongjiang province in order to provide theoretical basis for the current reasonable fertilization of sugar beet.The research results were as follows:1.Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers had different effects on the yield of sugar beet. The fertilizer amounts and proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were important factors which affect sugar beet yield. The highest increased yield rate was55.7%,13.52%and10.65%respectively by fertilizing Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. According to the nutrient efficiency, the fertilizer application of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium at medium level had the best effect; There were interactions among nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, coordinated applications of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers improved fertilizer efficiency and promoted sugar beet growth. Under the condition of the experiment, the best N, P and K application of sugar beets with maximum economical yield of65005.59kg/hm2was N198.65kg/hm2, P2O5116.58kg/hm2and K2O104.26kg/hm2.The rate of N:P:K was1:0.5869:0.5248.2. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers had a major impact on on the quality of sugar beet.Under equal fertilization, the sugar content decreased with the amount of nitrogen increased, phosphorus was conducive to the increase of sugar content, potassium had little effect on sugar content. Along with the increase of nitrogen application, content of ammonia nitrogen was enhanced. Nitrogen and phosphorus could promote each other. Potassium ion content was related with the nitrogen and potassium application; the sodium content was related with the nitrogen and phosphorus application.3.Under the same treatment in the period of sugar beet growth and development: the dry matter accumulation quantity of leaf, petiole and the entire plant first increased then decreased while the dry matter accumulation quantity of sugar beet root decreased; The dry matter distribution ratio of leaf decreased while the dry matter distribution ratio of sugar beet root increased.4.On P2K2level:the dry matter accumulation quantity of root, leaf, petiole and the entire plant increased with the application of nitrogen increased; The T/R ratio decreased at the early stage of growth and development, increased at the mid-stage and decreased at the later stage with the application of nitrogen increased. On N2K2level and N2P2level, the results showed the same rule above with the application of phosphorus and potassium increased.5.The coordinated application of nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium significantly promoted the increase of the dry matter accumulation of sugar beet root. The average sugar beet root dry matter accumulation quantity of the three treatments with no application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was110.93g/plant, it increased by32.33g/plant compared with no application of fertilization. The average sugar beet root dry matter accumulation quantity of the ten treatments with coordinated application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was134.49g/plant, it increased by55.89g/plant compared with no application of fertilization.6.Under equal fertilization, the nitrogen contents, phosphorus contents, potassium contents increased with the application amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium of the sugar beet plant and the organs increased respectively. In the period of sugar beet growth and development, the nitrogen contents, phosphorus contents and potassium contents of leaf, petiole and the entire plant taked on a single peak curve, while the amount of the root increased all the time of the entire period. What’s more, nitrogen promoted the assimiliation of phosphorus and potassium; phosphorus, potassium also promoted the assimiliation of nitrogen.7.The leaf nitrogen contents of the treatments was much more than that of petiole all the time, the leaf and petiole nitrogen contents were higher than that of root before Mid-August, while the amount was lower after Mid-August.The phosphorus contents had the same rule as the above. While the root potassium contents was the highest in the petiole, second highest in the leaf, lowest in the root in the entire period.