Study On Expanding Application Of Oil Bearing Roses And Traditional Chinese Roses From East China

China is one of the world’s most important areal centers of genus Rosa.Extraordinary abundance of plant resources and relative products has beendiscovered and developed. Along with the rapid growth of modern flavor andfragrance industry, utilization of rose resources differentiates into two variedsegments based on whether or not it could be used to extract essential oil.Known as oil bearing roses and the other traditional Chinese roses, either ofthe above two segments generates a high economic importance. Yet a singleexploration strategy of those plant resources cannot satisfy the needs from acontinually changing society. Thus, it is imperative to break away fromordinary concepts of any roses, to fulfill comprehensive values and to adhereto sustainable development of rose resources in the whole picture. This papermainly focused on the practical conditions of East China where Rosa isdistributed with distinctive characters as well as the demand of high qualityand new type plant resources is relatively urgent. Based on substantialinvestigation, observation and analysis, ornamental purposes wereemphasized on oil bearing roses while natural flavor possibilities wereexploited from traditional aromatic Chinese roses. The main researchcontents and results are shown as follows:1、Ornamental purposes of oil bearing roses. With an effectivecombination of Delphi method in expert surveys and group analytic hierarchyprocess （GAHP） in allocation of weight orders, the model of comprehensiveappraisal for oil bearing roses in open field cultivation was first established.Composed of3hierarchies and19final evaluation indexes, this model wasquite distinct from its primary stereotypes with stronger pertinence, larger quantity of information and higher fidelity. As an example of East China,26oil bearing samples which were introduced to Shanghai3or more than3years ago were considerably observed and recorded of their botanical,biological and ecological characters. Thanks to the comprehensive modelestablished,5cultivars which were R.‘Crimon Glory’, R.‘Feng Hua’, R.‘ZiZhi’₁, R. damascena₄and R. damascena₁were screened out andrecommended to direct application and popularization into Shanghailandscape.2、Natural flavor possibilities of traditional aromatic Chinese roses. Byliterature consultation and field investigation, typical aromatic Chinese rosesdistributed in East China were systematically collected, identified and studied.Thirteen roses from5sections in Rosa genus were sampled uniformly of theirdried petals for automatic thermal desorption gas chromatography massspectrometry （ATD GC MS） analysis. The results showed that, almost everysection bore similar characters of containing large quantity of long chainedaliphatic hydrocarbons such as nonadecane. Besides, saturated aldehydeswith chain lengths418were found especially widely distributed among allthe sections. However，by detecting the existence and relative content ofalcohols such as phenylethyl alcohol，nerol/geraniol isomers, eudesmolisomers etc., most sections could be obviously distinguished from each other.Taking the integrated remarks of olfactory evaluation, absoluteconcentrations of odorants and principle component3D plot analysis intoconsideration, oil bearing rose like R.‘Zhenmu’ and violet like R. banksiaevar. banksiae were two highly promising floral scented Chinese roses whichcould be possibly transformed into new natural flavors.3、Primary technology research of transforming aromatic Chinese roseR. banksiae var. banksiae into a new natural flavor. Essential oil and itsbyproduct flower water were simultaneously extracted from fresh petals of R.banksiae var. banksiae by water distillation under atmospheric pressure. Thevolatile components of each were then analyzed by GC MS using a polarHP Innowax column and a non polar DB5column. Olfactory perception and sensory directed instrumental analysis were also conducted against the abovetwo obtained extracts. The results showed that, the purified essential oil was awhite and transparent semi solid under room temperature with an averageextraction rate of0.039%. Sixty volatile compounds mainly made up ofaliphatic hydrocarbons and alcohols were identified and the major chemicalconstitutions were9nonadecene, heneicosane,5nonadecen1ol,nonadecane, eudesmol isomers, etc. The most important odorants thatcharacterize the scent were almost less than0.1%in relative content andrecognized to be leaf alcohol, β ionone and its related analogues, linalool,eugenol, geranyl acetone as well as low carbon aliphatic aldehydes such asnonanal, leading a lifting and fresh green spicy/sweet/floral descriptors withviolet like base note. The original flower water was clear and transparent.After condensed by SP70macroporous resin with an extraction rate of0.010%, it became a bright yellow oily liquid under room temperature.Fifty two volatile compounds mainly made up of alcohols, aliphatichydrocarbons, phenols and ketones were identified and the major chemicalconstitutions were benzyl alcohol, eudesmol isomers, eugenol, eicosane,heneicosane, etc. The most important odorants that characterize the scentwere recognized to be eugenol, methyleugenol, β ionone and its relatedanalogues and volatile acids such as pentanoic acid, leading a strong pungentand herbal medicine like fragrance with noticeable cooling and oily feelings.In a way of divergent thinking, this paper was aimed to extend the currentapplication fields of Rosa resources from East China, thus providing theorybasis and practical reference for biodiversity conservation，exploitation ofintegrated utilization and enhancement of commercial and industrial addedvalue for Rosa resources in the whole country.