Effects Of Environmental Factors On Yield And Quality Of Schisandra Chinensis (Turcz.) Baill.

Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. is a traditional Chinese medicine, and got its chinese name because of five different tastes of fruit. Jilin province is one of genuine producing areas of S. chinensis, research work about the effects of environmental factors on yield and quality of S. chinensis is needed and beneficial to standardized cultivation and stability quality control of medicinal material.Based on investigation and analysis, the average yield of individual plant under artificial cultivation is1,421kg. the amount was improved, but the difference between sample regions was still remarkable, low-productive areas was over60%of all. which means the cultivation measures of S. chinensis known by farmers was not enough, and the possibility of total product increased was still existed.Four main medicinal ingredients were chosen as the indicators to determine the quality dynamic changes in S. chinensis, including schizandrin, deoxyschizandrin, schisandrin B. schisandrin C, the result showed that the medicinal material from14production areas in Jilin province were meet the national standards of Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Taking comprehensive effect (CE) which determined by yield and four medicinal ingredients mentioned above together as the comprehensive evaluation index, the average CE of Jilin province was3.057g per plant, and the Antu, Jiaohe. Jingyu were the areas with best CE of all. Dendrogram analysis of different sample regions with CE as the variable, it showed the Sulan, Antu were belonged to one cluster individually, the situation of Dunhua, Fusong, Hunchun, Liuhe. Wangqin were similar, belonged to one cluster, the Huadian. Jian, Helong, Jiaohe, Jingyu. Linjiang and Tonghua were collected together.The paper mainly researched the influence of soil microelement on yield, quality and CE. it was found that the direct effect of single microelement was tiny, the additive effect between microelements was the main reason of their changes. Multiple nonlinear stepwise regression analysis had been made respective between soil microelements and yield, soil microelements and CE, and then mathematical models were fitted out (r=0.853,0.768). According to regression analysis and path coefficient analysis, the interaction of Fe and Mg, K and Mg, and the content of Zn in soil were three leading factors of yield changes, the interaction of Fe and Zn, Fe and Pb, and the content of Zn in soil were main direct reasons of CE changes.The influence of land type, altitude, slope, exposure, insect pests and plant diseases and fertilizer on yield, quality and CE were also investigated. It was found that the effect of land type on yield was not marked, the feasible altitude for S. chinensis artificial cultivation was500-800m. the optimal altitude was600-700m. the suitable slope was20-30°, the plant grown on the slopes exposure to north, east, southeast, southwest was better than to south. Now the most cultivated S. chinensis in Jilin province were spread at300-600m.0-10°, and exposure to south, so appropriate readjustment of altitude, slope and exposure may be beneficial to the yield and CE increased.In the investigated area, the incidence of the plots, which average percentages of infected was less than10%, was47.78%of all, and high incidence area was less than5%, which means insect pest control and management had been put into effect well in Jilin province. Combined application of organic manure and fertilizer was been chosen by most famers in field work, but the effect on yield and CE was significantly lower than combined application of organic manure and special fertilizer for S. chinensis, combined application of biological organic fertilizer and fertilizer.Terpenoids with the relative content of50%were the chief constituent in volatile oil of S. chinensis detected by GC-MS. Six common peaks can be found in different spots volatile oil. including2-methoxy-4-methyl-1-(1-methylethyl)-benzene, ylangene,1-ethenyl-1-methyl-24-bis(1-methylethenyl)-[1S-(1.alpha.,2.beta.,4.beta.)].(R)-1-meth yl-4-(1,2.2-trimethylcyclopentyl)-benzene,3,7,11-trimethyl-1,6,10-Dodecatrien-3-ol. mono(2-ethylhexyl)ester-1,2-Benzenedicarboxylicacid. The peak time of common peaks were stability, and there was big difference of the relative content among plots, the characteristics of6common peaks can be used to differentiate the volatile oil of S. chinensis.