| The objective of this study is to meet the " Zhen long " brand of high-grade cigarette raw material needs.Hunan Shaoyang tobacco production area was arranged as the basis of" Zhen long " brand ofhigh-grade cigarette raw materials. We focused on the improvement of Shaoyang tobacco leaf quality.DPS data processing system was used to analyze relative data based on Shaoyang flue-cured tobaccoappearance quality evaluation, the intrinsic chemical compositions, smoking evaluation, sunshine,heat, rainfall and soil nutrients. At last the quality characteristics of flue-cured tobacco in Shaoyang,and the main factors of ecological conditions which affect tobacco leaf quality were clear.Firstly, the quality characteristics of flue-cured tobacco in Shaoyang are as follow. Color of most leavesis orange. The maturity can reach maturity requirements. Most leaf tissue structure is loose to thescope of the still loose. The body of leaves is thinner. Oil contents in leaves are high. However, thequality of a small number leaves is not good enough. Alkali nicotine, sugar, ratio of sugar andnicotine, ratio of nitrogen and nicotine belong to not suitable range in some samples. Moreover theychanged largely in different counties. The contents of total sugar and reducing sugar are high. Theratio of reducing sugar and total sugar in all samples are suitable. Contents of nitrogen, potassium,chloride and ratio of potassium and chloride in all samples can meet the needs of “Zhen long” brandcigarette. Contents of nitrogen, potassium changed smoothly in different samples. Contents ofchloride and ratio of potassium and chloride changed in large range in different samples. The qualityof all samples has the Hunan tobacco flavor and fragrant style characteristics. Smoking evaluationscores were similar for all samples. Aroma amount is not good enough. In some samples,combustibility and ash contents are not good enough, but these varied smoothly in different samples.Secondly, the principal meteorological factors and soil conditions which affect flue-cured tobacco inShaoyang possess the following characteristics. Light, temperature and rainfall factors are numberedthe first to the third principal components. Shaoyang has annual sunshine hours and heat conditions,which can meet the needs of high quality tobacco growth. But the sunshine hours in early season isnot enough. This results in low temperature. Shaoyang have good rainfall. In this tobacco productionarea annual rainfall is enough. Rainfall distribution model during tobacco growth season and theregularity of tobacco plant requirement to water is the same. Sometimes the rainfall can not reach therequirement standard. The physical and chemical properties of soil and the soil pH change greatly indifferent counties and towns. Soil pH in most tobacco production area of Shaoyang value is notsuitable. Tobacco-planting soil nutrients are relatively lower. The nutrition level of nitrogen,phosphorus, boron and zinc is higher. Potassium, magnesium and chlorine nutrition level is inclinedto lower.Thirdly, the relationship of meteorological factors with tobacco leaf chemical components was analyzed.The contents of total sugar were significantly positive correlated with sunshine, temperature, humidity and rainfall in March, April and July. However, the contents of total sugar weresignificantly negatively correlated with rainfall in March and April. The contents of reducing sugarwere significantly positively correlated with sunshine in March, April and July. Also the contents ofreducing sugar were significantly positively correlated with temperature, rainfall, and humidity fromMarch to July. But the contents of reducing sugar were significantly negatively correlated withrainfall in March and April. Chlorine content was significantly negatively correlated with temperature,humidity in March to July. Nicotine, total nitrogen and potassium content have no significantcorrelation with climate factors.Fourthly, the relationship of main meteorological factors with smoking evaluation scores was analyzed.The results of smoking evaluation showed that quality of aroma, taste, miscellaneous gas, irritation,combustibility, ash content and total score had positive relationship with temperature, humidity fromMarch to July. The aroma quantity had positive relationship with temperature from March to July,and humidity in April and July.The fifth, the effects of soil conditions on tobacco leaf quality were studied. The physical and chemicalproperties of soil conditions changed a lot. Soil pH does not fit. And soil pH has great difference indifferent geographical tobacco fields. That the overall status of soil nutrient suitable ratio was nothigh is one of main reasons, which caused the large fluctuation of chemical components in flue-curedtobacco leaves, regional quality difference and not high leaf quality. Nitrogen, phosphorus, boron andzinc nutrition levels not stable in different regions cause some tobacco appearing nutrition deficiency,excess nutrients, growth retardation, leaf tissue structure not loose, color not bright, nicotine andnitrogen conversion insufficient, high nitrogen content, aroma quantity shortage and so on. The lowerlevels of potassium, magnesium and chlorine in soil and these nutrients geographical differencesresulted in not only the lower contents of potassium and chlorine, imbalance proportion of potassiumand chlorine in leaf samples, but also lower tobacco leaf quality and poor combustibility and lowersmoking evaluation score. |
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