Karyotype Analysis Of Apis Mellifera Chromosome

Apis mellifera originated in Africa,expanded into Europe, Asia and America,now locatedall over the world. Apis mellifera not only has become one of main feeding bee species in theworld apiculture, but also has larger feeding size in our coutry. The feeding quantity alreadyachieved about6000000groups. Identification of Apis mellifera is very important forapiculture. However,Apis mellifera has various subspecies which are very similar to theexternal morphological characteristics. Especially bee species owned the same body color arevery difficult to distinguish from external morphological characteristics directly.This article isbased on cytotaxonomy theory and discusses the bee species identification problem throughchromosome characteristics.This paper studies on chromosome karyotype of10Apis mellifera subspecies andecotype from Apiculture Science Institute of Jilin Province.The10subspecies and ecotypeare Apis mellifera ligustica, Italian Bee from America, Italian Bee from Australia,Apismellifera carnica, Apis mellifera caucasica Gorb,Apis mellifera anatolica Maa,Apis melliferacarpatica, Xinjiang Black Bee, Northeast-China Black Bee, Kaqian Black Ring Beerespectively.The15day-old drone pupa is experimental materials. Its testis pass hypotonictreatment, Kano fixative fixed preprocessing steps. Chromosome used conventional tablettingmethod. Specimens glasses went through staining with PH value of7.4of Giemsa (20%) dye,mounting with neutral resin, using microscope photography,photo flush, amplification and soon a series of steps. The cells in metaphase were selected for cutting,pasting,analyzing anddrawing, and the relational data were analyzed by EXCEL and SPSS.At the same time,theauthor drew the following several conclusions by comparing, analyzing and discussing.Firstly, Apis mellifera drones have the same number of chromosomes, all is16.Secondly, Apis mellifera ligustica, Italian Bee from America and Italian Bee fromAustralia is different from chromosomal karyotype.They are n（♂）=x=4m+12sm,n（♂）=x=6m+10sm,n（♂）=x=8m+8sm respectively.Thirdly, our local variety Northeast-China Black Bee has certain karyotype similaritieswith Apis mellifera caucasica and Apis mellifera anatolica on chromosomal karyotype.theirchromosomal karyotype are n（♂）=x=12m+4sm,n（♂）=x=12m+4sm,n（♂）=x=10m+6smrespectively.Fourthly, our local varieties Xinjiang Black Bee has near relative with Apis melliferacarpatica.It has the same karyotype with Kaqian Black Ring Bee,n（♂）=x=7m+8sm+1st,butis different from the chromosomes of arm ratio and the relative length. Chromosomalkaryotype of Apis mellifera carpatica is n（♂）=x=6m+9sm+1t. Fifthly, chromosomal karyotype of Apis mellifera carnica is n（♂）=x=9m+6sm+1t.In short, combining with the morphological characteristics of the foundation premise,karyotype also can serve as an important reference index for identification of bees varieties.