| Studying on the correlation between quality of medicinal material and soil physicochemical property is an important method to understand the formation of medicinal material quality, because the quality of medicinal material which was important in efficacy is affected by the quality of production area soil directly. The relationship between the quality of Alisma orientale (Sam.) Juzep and rhizosphere soil physiochemical property were studied by admeasuring the appearance, quality index,heavy metal in A. orientale, and the rhizosphere soil physicochemical property in this study. The effects of soil physiochemical property on the quality in A. orientale were revealed to provide theoretical basis for medicinal material production of A. orientale. The main results of this study were showed as following:1The present status of medicinal material quality of A. orientale from PengshanAll of the indexes about A. orientale from Pengshan corresponded with the standard in Chinese Pharmacopoeia2010, except the ethanol extracts, which was lower than the standard. The average dry weight of a single tuber was above10g, most of them were between15g and25g. The diameter was in30mm～40mm, while the length was in39mm～70mm. The water content was from5.72%to8.36%. alisol B-23-acetate content was from0.22%to0.73%, while the ethanol extracts was from5.25%to10.05%, the total ash content from2.19%to3.47%, and acid insoluble ash content during0.00%to0.43%. By studying the reason why ethanol extracts were low, we found that, when the test was taken at45℃and lower, the ethanol extracts content met the specified value in Chinese Pharmacopoeia2010. So it was the drying temperature that led to low ethanol extracts content. Through this test, we can see that the quality of medicinal material of A. orientale from Pengshan is very good.According to the Green Trade Standards of Importing&Exporting Medicinal plants&Preparations, the contents of Cu and Cd in A. orientale from Pengshan were too much, they were42.86%and7.14%separately, and the contents of Cd in all of the samples exceeded the standard. The A. orietrlale from Pengshan was mainly polluted by Cd, then it was Cu, the last was Pb. The contents of Cu and Cd were high in A. orientale from Pengshan that would influence the quality of medicinal material a lot.The correlation among the appearances was big, and the quantity of A. orientale was influenced significantly by the contents of Cu, Pb, and Cd. The content of Pb affected the effective content alisol B-23-acetate by inhibiting the accumulation of alisol B-23-acetate in A. orientale with increasing Pb content. The total ash was significantly negative related with total amino acid, while significantly positive correlated with essential amino-acid. There was significantly positive correlation between acid insoluble ash and the content of Cu, extremely significantly positive correlation between total amino acid and essential amino-acid. Also the Cu had facilitation to absorb Pb and Cd. So the quality indexes in A. orientale were affected by each other.The indexes (including12indexes) for testing A. orientale have been classified into6classes to judge the quality of A. orientale. Ⅰ appearance characters of A. orientale including fresh weight, dry weight, diameter and length of single A. orientate; Ⅱ the basis of A. orientale including starch, total amino acids and essential amino-acid; Ⅲ the heavy metals exceed standard in A. orientale including Cu and Cr; Ⅳ the control of heavy metals could be reflected partly by the content of Pd:Ⅳ water content; Ⅵ effective components should be the content of alisol B-23-acetat. The appearance character of A. orientale is the most important element when discribe the quality of A. orientale.Hongshi village had the best quality of A. orientale according to the comprehensive analysis the next was Tianmiao village, and the worst was Wunian village. Cluster analysis divided the medicinal material of A. orientale into three categories. The first one included the most of medicinal material of A. orientale, the second one included the fourth and sixth team in Hongshi, and the third team in Tianmiao, the third one included the fifth team in Hanan. We could see that the quality of medicinal material of A. orientale is stable, which could be used as standard of quality about A. orientale.2The rhizosphere soil physicochemical property around A. orientale from PengshanAccording to the standard of Sichuan Soil Taneshi, most of the soil assumed subacidity and strong acid, except Hanan village, which was slightly alkaline, and organic matter and total N were very rich in every village soil. The content of total P in Hongshi and Hanan village was very rich, while it was in the middle level in Wunian village and Tianmiao village. The total K was in the middle level in every village but was in lack of Tianmiao. Alkali-hydrolysable N in every village was rich or very rich. Available P in Wunian was in short, however the other villages were middle with available P. K was in lack in every village. We could see that the soil in Pengshan was rich in N and P, but in lack of K. So we should be attention to apply K. fertilizer when cultivating A. orientale.The soil organic matter had extremely significantly positive correlation with alkali-hydrolysable N, total P and available P with the correlation coefficient of0.555and0.806individually, while significantly positive correlation between total K and available K with relative coefficients as0.433. So there were influences with each soil physicochemical property.The differences between the contents of soil nutrient were all big and reached to extremely significantly correlations, except total N and alkali-hydrolysable N were small. The contents of soil nutrient were high in Hongshi and Hanan, but lowest in Tianmiao. So it was Tianmiao who should take more attention in applying for soil nutrient when planting.3The relationship between the quality of medicinal material and rhizosphere soil physicochemical property around A. orientale in PengshanThrough stepwise regression analysis, we found that total K in soil had extremely significantly positive correlation with the content of water in A. orientale from Pengshan with the coefficient of determination of0.179, had significantly negative correlation with with the content of total ash and Pb with the coefficient of determination of0.221and0.156separately. Total N and K had extremely significantly positive correlation with ethanol extracts in A. orientale with coefficient of determination of0.481. There was extremely significantly positive correlation between total P and total amino acid, the coefficient of determination was0.306. Available P had extremely significantly positive correlation with essential amino-acid, the coefficient of determination was0.368. There was significantly negative correlation between pH and the content of Cd, and the coefficient of determination was0.226. The high contents of total K, available K., total P and available P would promote the accumulation of active constituent and amino acid in A. orientale. However, the high pH would reduce the accumulation of heavy metal in A. orientale.According to the present situation of rhizosphere soil physicochemical property around A. orientale from Pengshan, the available K was lacked most. However, the element K was the most important indicator influenced the quality of A. orientale, so the soil in Pengshan needed more fertilizer K. Because of the influenced on quality of medicinal material of A, orientale from heavy metal Cd, and the pH had important effect on the speciation change and intake of Cd, the control of pH should be strengthened. |
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