| In this study, the six years' grafting 'Hongyang' kiwifruit plants are used as the research material and conventional chemical fertilizer as control. The influence of successive years' different amounts of bio-organic fertilizers and compound microbial fertilizers on the physicochemical property of the soil in 'Hongyang' kiwifruit orchards as well as the growth, yield, quality and economic benefits of 'Hongyang' kiwifruit is compared and analyzed in this paper, in order to further perfect the kiwifruit fertilization technology and improve the yield and quality of 'Hongyang' kiwifruit. The results are as follows:1. A combined application of bio-organic fertilizers and compound microbial fertilizers could greatly improve the total porosity and field capacity of the soil in kiwifruit orchards and, at the same time, decrease the soil bulk density, which well improves the soil environment of kiwifruit orchards. Moreover, the increase in the dosage of biofertilizers even better improves the quality of soils, with best effect on the soil layer at the depth of 0-40cm; the effect of applying chemical fertilizers is, however, on the contrary. The decrease in soil bulk density and increase in total porosity, field capacity of the soil bring an increase in the soil permeability as well as water and nutrient preserving capacities of the soils in 'Hongyang' kiwifruit orchards.2. Compared with common fertilizers, a combined application of bio-organic fertilizers and compound microbial fertilizers greatly improves the content of soil organic matters and soil enzyme activities, which improves the effectiveness of the nutrients in the soils of'Hongyang'kiwifruit orchards and guarantees the comprehensiveness of the nutrients. The pH value of the soil is decreased compared with that prior to the test; however, the application of a large quantity of biofertilizers and compound microbial fertilizers increases the buffering capacity of the soil in'Hongyang' kiwifruit orchards, with minimum decrease in pH; on the contrary, an application of common fertilizers could decrease the buffering capacity of the soil in 'Hongyang' kiwifruit orchards, with maximum decrease in pH.3. Compared with those before the test, the contents of total nitrogen, alkali solution nitrogen, total phosphorus, rapidly available phosphorus, total potassium and rapidly available phosphorus in soils are obviously improved by a combined application of bio-organic fertilizers and compound microbial fertilizers; the effect of improvement is better than that of common fertilizers (total nitrogen is excluded). Although the improvement effect of total nitrogen is worse than that of a fertilizer, but the improving effect of alkaili-hydrolyzable nitrogen is obviously greater than that of common fertilizer application, which proves the improvement of biofertilizers on effectiveness and utilization rates of nutrients. The contents of effective Ca and effective Mg are decreased compared with those before the test; the contents of effective Ca and effective Mg in soils applied by fertilizers are decreased the most; but those in soils applied by a large quantity of biofertilizers are decreased the least, and there was no significant differences when compared with those prior to the test. However, it reminds us of supplementing Ca and Mg elements. The contents of microelements in soils treated by bio-organic fertilizers and compound microbial fertilizers are also significantly higher than those in the soils applied by common fertilizers. The improvement by biofertilizers in soil fertility mainly works in the area where the roots of kiwifruits are located (0-40cm), which better improves the utilization rate of the fertilizers and helps the roots to absorb nutrients; chemical fertilizers, however, are easily washed away by rainwater.4. Compared with the application of common fertilizers, a combined application of bio-organic fertilizers and compound microbial fertilizers could better promote the growth of trunks of'Hongyang' kiwifruits, increase the leaf area, hundred leaf weights of nutritional branches and bearing branches as well as the content of chlorophyll in leaves so as to promote photosynthesis, increase the accumulation of carbon photosynthate in 'Hongyang'kiwifruits. The more amounts of biofertilizers are used, the better the effect of promotion will be. If biofertilizers are applied in successive years, the promoting effect of biofertilizers will be even better. Compared with the application of common fertilizers, a combined application of bio-organic fertilizers and compound microbial fertilizers are more balanced to promote leaf growth on nutritional branches and bearing branches of 'Hongyang" kiwifruits, and favorable to improve the yield of'Hongyang' kiwifruits.5. Increase of years has little influence on the appearances and internal qualities of "Hongyang" kiwifruits:however, the categories of fertilizers applied have greater influence on "Hongyang" kiwifruits. In case biofertilizers are applied, the appearances and internal qualities of "Hongyang" kiwifruits could be greatly improved. Compared with the application of common fertilizers, a combined application of biological fertilizer and compound microbial fertilizers could significantly improve the fruit shape index, single fruit weight and hardness of'Hongyang" kiwifruits. Moreover, the contents of soluble solids, soluble sugars, total acid and Vc as well as sugar-acid ratio will also be significantly improved; especially, the effect of applying a large quantity of biofertilizers on'Hongyang' kiwifruits will be even better.6. A combined application of bio-organic fertilizers and compound microbial fertilizers could significantly increase the yield per plant, yield per hectare and input-output ratio of'Hongyang'kiwifruits. compared with the application of common fertilizers. The increase in amount of biofertilizers could bring high output and better economic benefits:the effect of improvement in yield and income will be better if the biofertilizers are applied in successive years. |
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