| Volvariella volvacea are originated in China. It has300years history and the reputation of "Chinese mushrooms" around the world. With delicious and tender flaver it has more nutritional and medicinal function than other mushrooms. According to the report, it can increase the resistance of the immunity system for the cancer cells and pathogenies, and accelerate the healing of wounds and trauma. It can also prevent the occurrence of scurvy, reduce cholesterol, and detoxify. Volvariella volvacea, an edible mushroom in tropical and subtropical areas with high temperature and rainfall, has a high demand on the culture environment, especially on the temperature. The temperature of cultivation is generally higher than28℃. Its resistance to low temperature is very poor. It is sensitive to the variation of environment especially the high temperature. This makes the production extremely difficult. In the Current situation of edible mushroom production, the yield of Volvariella volvacea is the lowest as well as the most unsteadiest strains which degrade easily.Comparison carried out between49nation-wide strains and the main strain V830used in Jiangnan Biotechnology Co., Ltd.,were focused on growth rate of mycelia, features of fruiting and the fruiting at low temperatures. Seven common-temperature strains and five low-temperature strains were screened out. They are better core strains on the production and breeding comparing with V830. Meanwhile, they provide important materials for genetic variation and genetic breeding. Strains such as V9715, V26-1, V754, V753, V751,3560,0229. have early fruiting time and strong abilities of anti-bacteria. They have better commercial characters as well as the biological efficiency of16%-20%. These strains are suitable for the application in the production in the local and surrounding areas in place of V830. The low temperature test(28℃、26℃)shows that V754、V753、3562、V3A and single straw mushrooms have higher biological efficiency than V830which makes them the suitable strains for the factory production at the low temperatures in the local areas and northern areas.Five low-temperature strains,V754, V753,3562, V3A and single straw mushrooms,were selected out through cultivating experiments. The mutagenesis of the mycelia, spore mutagenesis and low temperature acclimation experiments of these five strains were then carried out.Then of these five strains at4℃conventional low temperature,was carried out and finally fruiting experiments were done at low temperatures after the screening experiments at4℃.UV mutagenesis were done on the mycelia, then the low-temperature fruiting comparison were carried out after the screening experiments at4℃. The results showed that UV mutagenesis plays a certain role in promoting the low temperature resistance of the straw mushroom mycelia. After the low temperature fruiting, the biological efficiency of Strain3562has increased, however the Esterase isozyme shows the strains Jn1are not new strains.UV mutagenesis were done on the straw mushroom spores, then the low-temperature fruiting comparison were carried out after the screening experiments at4℃. In the end most of the strains failed to form fruiting bodies, or else the number of fruiting bodies is very low.Strain Jn2was screened by the tissue isolation, fruiting domestication at low temperatures and repeated fruiting tests. It has the characteristics of low temperature resistance. Its biological efficiency was13.33%at the cultivation temperature at24℃. However, its fruiting are three days later than those at the normal temperature. Besides, its fruiting bodies are smaller than the original one. The cultivation stability verification are necessary before a lager-scale production. |
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