| Chinese mushroom(Volvariella volvacea)production originated from China,and it is a typical high-temperature and high-humidity mushroom.Guangxi is located in the subtropical region and with favorable unique conditions for cultivating V.volvacea.However,the cultivation area and yield of Chinese mushroom in Guangxi decreased significantly in recent years.The main reason is that the strains of V.volvacea are easily degeneration.Germplasm resources are the basis for cultivar breeding of of V volvacea.The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic diversity,biological characteristics,resistance characteristics and agronomic traits of V.volvacea germplasm resources,which included 6 wild strains and 8 cultivated varieties from Guangxi.The main results are as follows:1.The antagonistic test showed that the strains can be divided into 3 groups,the first is V9,V14,V7,V10,V13 and V11,the second is V4 and V5,and the third is V2,V8,V1,V12,V6 and V3.Strains V4 and V5,V9 and V14,V10 and V13 have no antagonistic response.2.The analysis of the ITS gene fragment sequence of the nuclear rDNA showed that the ITS sequences of the six wild strains tested were 98-99%homologous to those of the NCBI database,which could be identified as V.volvacea.Among them,the strains V1,V13 and V10 were clustered together,V7 alone gathered into one,and the remaining strains clustered into one large branch.3.Two primers with rich polymorphism,clear bands,and good repeatability were screened from 30 random primers for RAPD-PCR amplification.According to whether or not the stripe results are input into NTSYSPC 2.1,a dendrogram is constructed using the UPGMA method,and the tested strains can be classified into five groups at a GS level of 0.46.4.Mycelial growth rate of strain V2 on PDA plate medium was the fastest,reaching 3.41 cm/d,followed by V7 and V11,which were 3.29 cm/d and 3.25 cm/d,respectively.The strain V13 grows fastest on cottonseed hull substrate,the average daily growth rate was 1.51 cm,followed by the strain V2,1.48 cm.The strains V1,V3,V6,and V12 produce more chlamydospores.5.The domestication cultivation showed that all 6 wild strains of V.volvacea produced normal fruiting body,of which V1,V3,V12 and V13 were slate-grey color,and V2 and V4 were light gray.The strain V2 showed the highest yield and the biological efficiency was 18%.The fruiting body was grayish-white,and the number of fruiting bodies was higher.However,the fruiting body was smaller size and the veil easy opening.Followed by strain V7,which is whitish in colour,budding fast,dense,early mushrooming,exhibited higher resistance against the growth of competitor moulds.The strains V10 and V13 are bigger size,oval-shaped,V7,V10 and V13 with thick veil and lesser tendency of veil opening,V13 high weight of single fruit.6.The resistance test showed that the strains V3,V4,V7 and V11 were stronger against Trichoderma viride,and the strains V3,V4,V7 and V11 had certain resistance to Coprinopsis atramentaria;V6 had low temperature tolerance,V1,V2 And V11 strong acid resistance,V2,V11 and V10 stronger alkali resistance.7.The fruiting bodies of strains V7,V10,and V13 can be preserved at 15℃ for 3 days after harvest and are more resistant to storage.V3 and V8are the least resistant to storage after harvest. |
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