Relationship Between Ecological Factors And Tobacco Leaf’s Quality In Main Tobacco-growing Regions

To investigate the relationship between China’s tobacco soil, ecological factors and quality of tobacco leaf, this study based mainly on Yunnan Province’41tobacco planting County (cities, districts), combined with Hunan, Guangdong, Jiangxi, Fujian, Henan, Guizhou, Hubei, Guangxi, Liaoning, Shandong, Heilongjiang, Chongqing, Shaanxi, Sichuan, etc.,35ecological flue-cured tobacco planting counties (cities, districts), by collecting soil samples, tobacco leaf samples and collecting recent years’meteorological data, surveying and sampling in field, analysising chemical indoor, sensory evaluation and modern mathematical statistics and other methods to get all the data for the study. Analyzed the soil conditions where the flue-cured tobacco grew, climate characteristics, and leaf quality characteristics, also analyzed a variety of ecological factors and tobacco quality’relations, with expect to provide a theoretical basis to a higher quality tobacco leaf and tobacco growing divisions. The main findings are as follows:1Various regions’tobacco soil pH value in the appropriate range, no strong acid and strong alkaline soil, and the coefficient of variation is not large. Highest soil organic matter and nitrogen content in Guangxi, Guangdong’tobacco soil hydrolysis nitrogen content is low but varied greatly, total phosphorus, total potassium content were highest in all areas surveyed, tobacco soil available phosphorus content in Liaoning was highest, Yunnan available potassium content was high, but varied greatly. The highest concentration of chloride ion was in Heilongjiang region. Fujian tobacco soil samples’available sulfur content was the highest level but relatively stable. Various regions’content of soil available calcium profuse while Chongqing region less stable. The highest content of available magnesium is Heilongjiang, Guangxi region with low levels, only8.38mg/kg. Fujian, Hunan, Liaoning, Guangxi were quite rich in iron content; available zinc and available copper content of the Hunan region are the highest; the highest available magnesium content was in Chongqing region. Yunnan, Hunan, Fujian, Chongqing in South regions’tobacco soil nutrient were balanced, the content was more appropriate; Henan, Shandong, Heilongjiang in Northern region smoke tobacco soil nutrient were balanced, the content was more appropriate, in Shaanxi Province The potassium content was low. Flue-cured tobacco’ conventional chemical compositions were major effected by trace and middle content soil nutrients such as the available calcium, available magnesium, available iron, available zinc and chloride ions.2Through the clustering of the leaf chemical composition analysis, the lower leaves of Yunnan, Guangdong, Chongqing, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Fujian, Guangxi, Henan, Shandong, Liaoning areas’low tobacco leaves classified as Class1, their chemical compositions were coordination, the rest areas were low chlorine content, low chlorine content of tobacco will lead to combustible bad, and then affect the tobacco leaf quality; Yunnan, Hubei, Guangxi, Henan, Jiangxi, Fujian areas’midst tobacco leaves classified as Class1, their chemical compositions were coordinated, Hunan, Guangdong Liaoning, Shandong, Guizhou’total sugar, reducing sugar content were low; As for the upper leaves, Yunnan, Chongqing, Hubei, Shandong, Guangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan were classified as Class1, Henan, Heilongjiang were classified as Class2, these2classes’chemical composition were coordinated, Hunan, Guangdong, Fujian, Liaoning, Jiangxi were high chlorine content, a higher nicotine content in Guizhou region.Yunnan tobacco chemical compositions were much balanced. Ziwu Town in Chuxiong, Zhaoyang District in Zhaoyang, Luxi County in Honghe Prefecture and Ninger County in Puer City’tobacco leaves’nicotine content more than4%, exceeding the appropriate range. Ziwu Town, Luxi County, Jinma and Mohei town tobacco had low reducing sugar content, it would affect the tobacco aroma and flavor, reduce the quality of tobacco leaves. Jiangchuan County in Yuxi City, Luliang County in Qujing City, Hongta District in Yuxi city’chlorine content was much higher, which would lead tobacco’s aroma and flavor to bad and burning poor, so people should pay attention to controlling the balance of the chlorine source in the fertilization process, to avoid the chlorine enrichment in the soil of the low-lying topography.Yunnan flue-cured tobacco organic acid content’site features:multi-organic acid average of approximately52.40mg/g, the highest content in lower leaves, upper leaves minimum, the upper leaves less stable. Higher fatty acids average of10.56mg/g, the highest content in lower leaves, the lowest contend in upper leaves, middle leaves poor stability. Total organic acids average of62.97mg/g, the highest content in lower leaves, middle leaves secondary, followed by upper leaves and its’stability was poor, the middle leaf stability. The total polyphenol average of approximately25.86mg/g, significant differences between the various parts of leaves, the lower leaves had the highest content and middle leaves minimum, the lower leaves poor stability, the middle leaves most stability. The lower part of the Yunnan flue-cured tobacco leaf’s organic acid and polyphenol content were higher, both of them in middle leaves were more balanced and stable.3Due to the analysis about the relationship between meteorological factors and tobacco leaf chemical compositions:light, rainfall, average relative humidity and solar radiation were important factors that impact of flue-cured tobacco chemical compositions. Various regions’flue-cured tobacco conventional chemical compositions mainly impacted by the May rainfall, June sunshine hours, June average relative humidity, monthly average temperature and total sunshine hours during tobacco growth period.Meteorological factors closely associated with the flue-cured tobacco chemical compositions were air temperature, solar radiation, sunshine hours and relative humidity. On the temperature, May average temperature was closely related to the reducing sugar accumulation. July-August average temperature was closely related to total sugar and chlorine content. The maturity period average temperature was closely related to alkali, nitrogen and chlorine content; On the Sunshine hours, July-August average sunshine hours was closely related to the chlorine content accumulation. July and9-10month average sunshine was closely related to all chemical compositions expect alkali content; On the sunshine radiation, May sunshine radiation was closely related to potassium content accumulation, maturity period sunshine radiation was closely related to alkali, total sugar content. On average relative humidity, May average relative humidity was closely related to chlorine content, July and August humidity was closely related to potassium content. Total nitrogen content was closely related to the flue-cured tobacco growth period average relative humidity. May and maturity period average rainfall was tiny related to flue-cured tobacco chemical compositions. The impact of temperature on the chemical composition was mainly concentrated on June, July and maturity period. Maturity period average temperature, average sunshine hours, average sunshine whole radiation, May average temperature, average relative humidity and June-July temperature was an important factor which affected the accumulation of flue-cured tobacco chemical compositions.