Molecular Identifying And Transferring Of75Kγ-secalin In Rye And The Travelling Of Chinese Aegilops Tauschii

Diploid Secale cereale L (2n=2x=14, RR) and Aegilops tauschii Coss.(2n=2x=14, DD) are two annual species. They are distributed in China for a long history and may be useful for common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.,2n=42, AABBDD) improvement for local adaptation in our country. Therefore, it is necessary to be further studied. In this study, we analyzed the genetic phylogenetic relationship among ryes from China and other countries by comparing gene sequences of75K y-secalins. The75K y-secalin gene in Chinese rye line Qinling was then transfrred into common wheat. Meanwhile, the genetic phylogenetic relationship between Ae. tauschii in Xinjiang and Yellow River reaches are analyzed by using microsatellite molecular fingerprint markers. The main results are as follows:Five75K y-secalin genes were cloned from cultivated rye (Secale cereale L) lines Qinling (AS156) from China, Wrens (CIse35) in USA,4041(PI168199) in Turkey, Polko (PI412949) in South Africa, and278(PI436188) in Chile, respectively. These genes have typical primary structure of75K y-secalin. However, they show a lot variations, including insertion/delection and SNP。 Moreover, the sequence from AS156has a deletion of Cys. The cluster of nucleotide sequences indciates that a clade is formed by the sequences from rye in north latitude of China, USA, and Turkey and the other clade from rye in south latitude of South Africa and Chile. The75K y-secalin gene on chromosome2R in Chinese rye line Qinling is transferred in common wheat line Chinese Spring. A F8line, WYQ122, with this gene shows good fertility and consistent character in agronomy. This gene in WYQ122is verified by SDS-PAGEanalysis and sequencing data of75K y-secalin gene. Cytological observation indicates that WYQ122has41or42chromosomes. GISH shows this line containing a pair of rye chromosomes and a wheat-rye centric translocation chromosome. The loss of this translocation chromosome may result in the chromosome number of41.To understand the travelling of Chinese Aegilops tauschii, the genetic phylogenetic relationship between Ae. tauschii in Xinjiang and Yellow River reaches are analyzed by using microsatellite molecular fingerprint markers. Our results showed that:(1) at least two Ae. tauschii accessions were transmitted from Midde East to China;(2) Ae. tauschii accessions in Xinjiang are closely related to those in Yellow River reaches. Ae. tauschii in Yellow River reaches may be come from Xinjiang. An alternative way is that Ae. tauschii in Xinjiang come from Yellow River reaches.