Research On Mechanized Precision Planting Technique Of Summer Maize

This paper analyzes and researches the key components of pneumatic precision maize planter and planting technique, provides basis for selecting main structure parameters of precision maize planter and supporting technique for precision planting of summer maize, and carries out field test verification.The no-tillage precision planter is improved through research and design and the structure parameters of furrow opener key components are analyzed and established. The stubble cutting furrow opener designed and improved has strong capacity of cutting stubble and pulverizing soil and can thoroughly separate the wheat stubble,effectively reducing the influence of stubble on the maize planting quality. In addition, the opener can perform the tasks of stubble cutting, furrow opening, fertilizer application, planting and soil covering and compacting in one time. The field test results show that the average planting depth of improved no-tillage precision planter is 3.45cm, mostly 3-5cm, without excessive depth or exposed seeds. The average spacing between seeds and fertilizer is 5.98cm, mostly 5-7cm; the qualified rate of planting is 94.84%,the replanting rate is 2.18%, the planting absence rate is 2.98%, the standard deviation is 0.173, the coefficient of variation is17.3 and the field yield is 9300kg/hm~2 . Compared with the ordinary summer maize, the yield of the summer maize using precision planting technique is improved by 750kg/ hm~2, which indicates that the planting quality of the improved planter basically meets the agronomic technical requirements.The single precision planting for summer maize has strict requirements for maize seeds. The test conducted on the STB-700 model multifunctional intelligent detection experiment rig researched and developed by China Agricultural University shows that the seeds which are too large or too small are not favorable for precision planting: the seeds which are too large lead to high planting absence rate in the planting process while the seeds which are too small lead to high replanting rate, so the seeds with excellent evenness degree will lead to high planting quality while the maize seeds with poor evenness degree which are not selected carefully will lead to poor planting quality and high replanting rate and planting absence rate. The select seeds with 100-seed weight of 36g will lead to high planting quality. With the increasing of rotation speed of seeder, the replanting rate will decrease while the planting absence rate will increase. 15rad/min is best seed quality comparison.