| To elucidate the growth pattern of spring maize under furrow and monopoly planting conditions,this study conducted a field experiment with spring maize at conventional density(67,500 plants),conventional monopoly planting(P1D1)as control,conventional monopoly planting 75,000 plants/hm~2(P1D2),conventional monopoly planting 82,500 plants/hm~2(P1D3),monopoly combined with under-monopoly planting 67,500 plants/hm~2(P2D1),two-factor planting 75,000 plants/hm~2(P2D2),and 82,500 plants/hm~2(P2D3)in a two-factor split-zone trial.This paper mainly studied the changes of photosynthesis,lodging,grouting,yield and other indexes under different furrow planting methods and different planting densities,and explored the internal rules,in order to provide scientific basis for improving and improving spring maize furrow planting technology,increasing maize yield and increasing planting benefits in this area.The main research results are as follows:1.Under dense planting conditions,furrow planting mode is beneficial to maintain the duration of high LAI value during grain filling and slow down leaf senescence,and the effect of furrow planting regulation on spring corn planted with high density is more obvious than that of low density planting.The results of two years’experiment were P2D3>P2D2>P1D3>P1D2>P2D1>P1D1.In 2021,P2D3 was 42.64%higher than P1D3;P2D2was 13.76%higher than P1D2.In 2022,P2D3 was 11.57%higher than P1D3.P2D3 was30.02%higher than P1D3 at the ear level in 2021;P2D2 was 15.37%higher than P1D2 and P2D1 was 6.73%higher than P1D1.At the bottom layer of milk maturity stage in 2022,P2D1treatment had the largest canopy transmittion,which was 10.86%,37.34%and 49.71%higher than P2D2,P1D3 and P1D2,respectively.The relative water content,stomatal conductance(Gs),concentration(Ci),transpiration rate(Tr)and net photosynthetic rate(Pn)of maize leaves were significantly increased by furrow planting mode.2.In 2022,the treatments with furrow planting reduced the height of spike position by5.16%-3.30%compared with conventional planting.In 2022,the internode length of P2D3treatment was reduced by 0.29%,2.01%,and 0.29%,respectively,compared with other treatments at waxing stage.The internode puncture strength of P2D1 and P2D2 increased by4.26%and 24.09%,respectively,compared with P1D1 and P1D2.The crushing strength increased by 43.38%and 61.73%,respectively.The furrow monopoly planting method was able to reduce the problem of overturning due to high density planting,with P2D2 having the most significant effect.3.The furrow planting method was able to improve the dry matter quality at the milk ripening stage and slightly decreased at the waxing stage compared to conventional planting.at the milk ripening stage in 2021,the dry matter accumulation increased by 3.13%for P2D1compared to P1D1 treatment,4.11%for P2D2 compared to P1D2 treatment,and 8.14%for P2D3 compared to P1D3 treatment.at the waxing stage in 2022,P2D2 increased by 2.45%and10.14%compared to P2D1 and P2D2 increased by 2.45%and 10.14%compared with P2D1 and P2D3 in 2022.In 2021,the maximum filling rate of P2D1 and P2D2 seeds was significantly higher than the other treatments,and the maximum filling rate was 1.43 g/d and 1.38 g/d,respectively.,the average seed filling rate of P2D3 treatment on seeds was 1.59%higher than that of P1D3.The duration of grain filling(D)was 3.39 d longer in P2D3 treatment and 0.61 d longer in P2D2 treatment than P1D1;the furrow planting treatment increased the active filling period and thus the dry weight of the grain by enhancing the seed filling rate of maize.4.The monopoly and furrow cropping pattern created a three-dimensional canopy due to the presence of monopoly and furrow to create a convenient access for ventilation and light,which facilitated the accumulation of dry matter.The number of spike rows,number of grains,plant yield and thousand grain weight increased in the monopoly and furrow cropping pattern compared to the flat crop,resulting in an increase in yield and thus an increase in the efficiency of light and heat resource utilization on the farm.The highest grain yields were 13700.16kg/hm~2and 13345.34 kg/hm~2,respectively.In conclusion,the optimum density of 75,000 plants/hm~2 to obtain maize grain yield under furrow cropping in this area was obtained.furrow cropping improves the canopy structure of the population through the complementary differences between different layouts of the same crop,and can effectively inhibit the process of plant senescence in the late stage of maize reproduction,resulting in an increase in leaf area index and net photosynthetic rate,which in turn prolongs the grain filling time and increases the mid-and late-stage filling rate.This provides a certain theoretical basis and reference value for furrow and ridge planting. |
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