| High myopia, also known as pathological myopia, is a disease that the extend of axial length, the expansion of the eyeball,the occur of the retinal and choroidal degeneration with the progression of the disease in patients.Because of the serious complications can lead to vision loss and blindness, while much attention. High myopia is popular in our country, about 1.5% blind due to a high degree of myopia and its complications is the 4 to 7 cause of blindness. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a tomographic imaging technique used in clinical and scientific research in the past 20 years, the application of near infrared light scanning, the detection of ocular tissues in vivo, with no damage, non-contact, repeatable, and high resolution. Different from the ophthalmoscope, B-ultrasound, fundus fluorescein angiography and other traditional eye examination method, it can detect the cross-section of the retina and choroid of high myopia in vivo, can measure the retinal thickness, can display the changes of the organizations fault,and can analysis the type of the macular lesions, to determine the duration of high myopia. This study attempts through the study of the macular images by OCT of high myopia, to explore the relationship between the neurosensory retinal thickness in the central fovea of macular and the ocular axial length and the diopter, to observe the image features by OCT of the macular degeneration of high myopia,as well as to explore the relationship between the occur rate of the macular degeneration of high myopia and the ocular axial length and the diopter,to explore the change of the neurosensory retinal thickness in the central fovea of macular about retinoschisis.ObjectiveTo explore the relationship between the neurosensory retinal thickness in the central fovea of macular and the ocular axial length and the diopter of high myopia by use the OCT. To analysis the image features of the macular degeneration of high myopia, to explore the relationship between the occur rate of the macular degeneration of high myopia and the ocular axial length and the diopter, to explore the change of the neurosensory retinal thickness in the central fovea of macular about retinoschisisMaterials and methodsTotally 76 eyes of 46 cases of high myopia that had been diagnosed and continuous observation from the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Eye Clinic from June 2009 to May 2011.The number of right eye was 41 and left eye was 35.Thirty-four eyes of 21 males and 42 eyes of 25 females. The rage of age was 8 years to 66 years, the average was (46.58±13.39); The corrected visual acuity was 0.01 to 1.0, the average was(0.30±0.28); The Diopter was -6.00～-30.00D (calculated by the equivalent sphere diameter), average (-15.56±5.28); ocular axial length was 26.00-35.50mm, average (30.17±2.08) mm.Measure the ocular axial length of the selected object by A- ultrasound, through the ocular axial length, patients were divided into two groups (A,B). A group of 37 eyes,26.00 mm<axial length= 30.00 mm; B group of 39 eyes,axial length>30.00 mm.Measure the diopter of the selected object by the computer refractor, through the diopter, patients were divided into two groups (I, II). I group of 32 eyes-6.0D<diopter≦-15.0D;Ⅱgroup of 44 eyes, diopter>-15. OD.Testing the selected object by Optical coherence tomography (OCT), measuring the neurosensory retinal thickness in the central fovea of macular and analysis the image features of the macular degeneration of high myopia.Though the results of oct,patients were divided into retinoschisis group and no complication group.Satistical analysis:Data input SPSS17.0 statistical software. Statistical methods using t tests, correlation analysis and chi-square test, P<0.05 was statistically significant.Result1 The neurosensory retinal thickness in the central fovea of macular of the high myopia.1.1 The ocular axial length and the neurosensory retinal thickness in the central fovea of macularThe neurosensory retinal thickness in the central fovea of macular of the A group and the B group.The average of the group A was (159.43±8.08) um,its larger than the average of the group B (128.79±10.28) um, the difference between the two groups was statistical significant(P<0.05).The ocular axial length and the neurosensory retinal thickness in the central fovea of macular, correlation analysis,correlation coefficient r=-0.30,P<0.01,a negative correlation.1.2 The diopter and the neurosensory retinal thickness in the central fovea of macularThe neurosensory retinal thickness in the central fovea of macular of the I group and the II group are shown in Table 2.The average of the group I was (161.91+8.99) um,its larger than the average of the group II (125.98+9.40) um, the difference between the two groups was statistical significant(P<0.05).The diopter and the neurosensory retinal thickness in the central fovea of macular, correlation analysis,correlation coefficient r=-0.40, P<0.01,a negative correlation.2 The features of the image by OCT of macular of high myopia and the occurrence rate of the disease of macularPosterior staphyloma (PS) was found in 62 eyes (81.58%), the occurrence rate of group A was 67.57%(25eyes), the occurrence rate of group B was 94.87%(37eyes), the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.01). The occurrence rate of groupⅠwas 65.63%(11eyes), the occurrence rate of group B was 93.18%(41eyes), the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.01).Retinoschisis was found in 17eyes (22.37%),the occurrence rate of group A was 18.92%(7 eyes), the occurrence rate of group B was 25.64%(10 eyes), the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). The occurrence rate of groupⅠwas 25%(8 eyes), the occurrence rate of groupⅡwas 20.45%(9 eyes), the difference between the two groups was no statistically significant (P>0.05). The retinoschisis all appear in the posterior staphyloma eye, the occurrence rate was 27.42%(17).Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) was found in 4 eyes (5.26%), the occurrence rate of group A was 2.70%(1 eyes), the occurrence rate of group B was 7.69%(3 eyes). The occurrence rate of groupⅠwas 6.25%(2 eyes), the occurrence rate of groupⅡwas 4.55%(2 eyes)Macular hole was found in 7 eyes (9.21%),the occurrence rate of group A was 5.41%(2 eyes), the occurrence rate ofgroup B was 12.82%(5 eyes). The occurrence rate of groupⅠwas 3.12%(1 eyes), the occurrence rate ofgroupⅡwas 13.64%(5 eyes).Because the number of the choroidal neovascularization and macular hole was less,so the cases is not statistically.3. The retinoschisis and the neurosensory retinal thickness in the central fovea of macularThough the results of oct,patients were divided into retinoschisis group and no complication group.The average of the retinoschisis group was (181.01±10.49) um,its larger than the average of the no complication group (146.38±4.60) um, the difference between the two groups was statistical significant(P<0.05).Conclusion1. The neurosensory retinal thickness in the central fovea of macular of high myopia and ocular axial length,diopter was negatively correlated, with the ocular axial length and the diopter growth, the neurosensory retinal thickness in the central fovea of macular thinning.2. The occurrence of the posterior staphyloma of high myopia, with the increase of axial length and diopter increased.The occurrence of the retinoschisis of high myopia,with the increase of axial length increased. The occurrence of the retinoschisis was highly in the posterior staphyloma eye, the occurrence rate was 27.42%(17).3. High myopia associated with retinoschisis, foveal retinal nerve thickening of the cortical thickness. Foveal retinal nerve layer thickness increases, we should take timelyintervention to prevent the retinoschisis further development lead to vision loss. |
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