Influence Of Maternal High Sucrose Diet During Pregnancy On Renal Blood Vessels And The Structures Of Kidney In The Adult Offspring

Functional Changes of Renal Artery in Adult Offspring Exposed toMaternal High Sucrose Diet in Pregnancy[Objectives] To investigate the impact of maternal high sucrose diet duringgestation on renal vascular functions in the adult offspring.[Methods] Pregnant Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into twogroups: High sucrose group (HS) rats were given20%(w/v) sucrose solution andstandard rat food, Control group (C) rats were provided with fresh tap water andstandard rat food from day1of gestation to day21. Renal interlobar arteries from themale adult offspring in both groups were used for experiments. Changes of vasculartone induced by Ang II in absence or presence of L-name, Charybdotoxin (CTX), PDand Losartan were measured, as well as PE and its combination with L-name. With themethod of Western blotting, protein expressions of AT1and AT2receptors, eNOS andlarge-conductance calcium activated-potassium channel (BK) α-subunits in renalarteries of adult offspring were determined.[Results] Compared with that of control, PE and AngII-induced contractivity ofthe renal arteries were both significantly increased (P<0.05) in HS group. Followingblockade of eNOS by L-name and BK by CTX, Ang II and PE-induced contractivity ofthe renal arteries were both significantly increased (P<0.05) in control group, but not inHS group. In both control and HS groups, Ang II-induced contractivity in the renal arteries was nearly diminished (P<0.05) after the application of losartan to block AT1receptor. In blockade of AT2receptor by PD, Ang II-induced contractivity of the renalarteries was significantly increased (P<0.05) in control group, but was not significantlychanged in HS group. In compared with that of the control, protein expression of AT1receptor was significantly increased in HS group, but protein expressions of AT2, eNOS,and α subunit of BK were significantly decreased (P<0.01).[Conclusions] Maternal high sucrose diet in pregnancy could lead to changes ofregulation in renal arteries contractile, which should be associated with the “imprinting”effects on the expression of certain molecules. Part IIImpact of Maternal High Sucrose Diet in Pregnancy on Renal Structuresand Local RAS in Adult Offspring[Objectives] To investigate the impact of maternal high sucrose diet in pregnancyon renal structures and local RAS in the adult offspring.[Methods] Pregnant Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into twogroups: High sucrose group (HS) rats were given20%(w/v) sucrose solution andstandard rat food, Control group(C) rats were provided with fresh tap water andstandard food from day1of gestation to day21. Expression and distribution of AT1andAT2receptors in the kidney were assessed with immunohistochemical staining. Theultrastructures of glomerulus and proximal tubules were examined by transmissionelectron microscopy. The mRNAs of AT1and AT2receptors in the kidney of the adultoffspring were determined with real-time PCR.[Results] Distributions of AT1and AT2receptors in kidney were similar in boththe control and HS adult offspring. In addition, histological finding indicated that, in the glomerulus of HS adult offspring, the basal lamina was thickened and mesangial cellswere proliferated. Ultrastructural data showed that the basal lamina was thickened andthe three laminae (two laminae rara and one lamina densa) was disturbed in theglomerulus of HS adult offspring, and the mitochondrial cristae were broken anddecreased in the proximal tubular cells of HS adult offspring. mRNA expressions ofboth AT1and AT2receptors were significantly increased in HS adult offspring kidneycompared to that of the control (P<0.05)[Conclusions] Maternal high sucrose diet during gestation could lead to changes ofthe renal structures and local RAS.