The Empirical Study On The Equalization In Chinese Basic Public Health Service

As a significient part of public service, essential public health service matters aboutthe basic living environment and body health of all the common people, also it mattersabout the mordenlization development and democratic civilization progress of thewhole country. It is an important obligation and responsbility of government functionto offer the common people with equalized essential public health service, meanwhile,it is the core and key point of public finance and people’s livelihood finance. Theequalization in essential public health service is a significient reflect of realizing socialequilty and justice, as well as sharing the construction achievement of socialism. Theseyears, as the ecnomic construction is developing fast, the government has made lots ofefforts in offering equalized essential public health service. Especially in2003, thegovernment puts forward the goal of constructing public health service, also in2011,the planning outline of “12th five-year plan”clearly proposes that “establish and soundthe institution of essential medical treatment and public health, speed up thedevelopment of medical treatment and public health career, limitedly satisfy the publicneed of essential medical treatment and public health”. These macro acts shows thedirection of realizing the equalization of essential public health.The essential public health service is a standard public article, which has thefeature of noncompetitiveness and nonexcludability. Good essential public healthservice will perform a positive externality, that the reason why the intervene ofgovernment is especially important and absolutely necessary. By reviewing the urbanand rural essential public health service in our country, the problem of inperfection andnon-equalization is highlighted. This paper proved the existence of the non-equalization in a empirical way and measure the level of the non-equalization in anumeral way. The paper fully realizes and deeply analyses the non-equalizationsituation of our essential public health service, and summerizes the experience andlessons of domestic and overseas methods about dealing with the non-equalizaion. bythe above research,this paper attempts to put forward some feasible methods whichare appliable in realizing the equalization of the domistic essential public healthservice. The introduction mainly explain the background and meaning of the paper, as wellas the research details and methods and the relevant literature review. There are fewresearch on the equalizaiton of essential public health service in our country, whileresearch on this subject is deeply related with the national economy and the people’slivelihood. A deepgoing research in this subject has significant theory value andpractice value. This paper adopts historical induction method in sorting out the theories,makes a compare and analyse of experience from domestic and overseas, makes anumeral analysis and statistic analysis in studying the level of the non-equalization.This paper sorts out the research about this subject from three levels, they are basictheory conmment, empirical study and practice study.In the first chapter, the paper clarifies the theoretical basic of research on theequalization of essential public health service, which includes public product, publicservice, essential public health service and the equalization of essential public healthservice. The paper makes a explaination from shallower to the deeper. After makingclear of these basic concepts, the paper settles the performance theory from the aspectsof public expend and practice effect, meanwhile the paper makes a economicalexplanation based on the theory of supply and demand.In the second chapter, the paper makes an empirical analysis of the equalization ofessential public health service. Firstly, the paper applies the Theil Index to measure thelevel of non-equalization of the current essential public health service in our country.The paper gets the trend of difference between the urban and rural areas by analyzingthe recent20years’ data, and the trend is falling in short term but rising in long term.Secondly, the paper makes a research on the difference of urban and rural areas fromthe aspect of public expend’s performance, which includes the essential healthy service,essential medical cure, legislation supervision on public health and education andscientific research on urban-rural public health. At last, the paper exlpores on thereason for non-equalization from the aspects of society, government and the feature ofpublic service, meanwhile the paper explains the necessity of the realization ofequalization.In the third chapter, the paper makes a conclusion and research on the experiencein equalization of essential public health service in our country and overseas. Theselected countries and areas are all typical and meaningful. The overseas countries arethe USA, whose ecnomic is well-developed, England and Germany, which offer good public health guarantee, Japan and Singapore, which is near our country. The domesticareas are HongKong and Suzhou, which are well-developed. The experience fromthese areas are more foresighted and has more value for reference.Based on the research above and the current situation in our country, the fourthchapter puts forward some policy advice combined with the practical experience fromour country and overseas. The advices are balancing the urban and rural development,breaking the old dual pattern, changing the government function, enhancing the idea ofservice, turning to be a serviceoriented government, establishing a complete andfunctioned public financial system, formulating a standard of equalization in urban-rural essential public health service, innovating the supply mode of essential publichealth service. The conclusion not only makes an overall summery of the research butalso makes a re-summarization of the paper.