| Tobacco contains a variety of poisonous and harmful substances, such as nicotine, which is an addiction medication both in cigarettes and other type of tobacco products. Recently, many research have focused on reducing the harm of tobacco by reduce the contents of nicotine. But the fact is that all forms of tobacco products can cause fatal harm. Tobacco using is the risk factors of various diseases, and not only the smokers but also the passive smokers can be harmed. And we should know that there is no safety level of the secondhand smoking.Now, tobacco using has become one of the public health problems of the world. According to WHO’s report on the global tobacco epidemic in2009, there are more than5million people around the world died from smoking every year and this will be increasing to8million in2030, and80%of them are in developing countries. Similarly, there are about600thousand people died from passive smoking. Every year, tobacco not only causes millions of death, but also causes loss of several hundred billion dollars directly or indirectly. Nearly two-thirds of the smokers are concentrated in the10countries, China has accounted for about30%of them.Now, tobacco use is also a major public health problem of China. At present, China has about350million smokers, and1million will die from smoking each year. According to2002’s survey, our smoking rates was35.8%,66.0%for male and3.1%for female. The percentage fell slightly than1996, but the total number of smokers increased30million. In2011, our scores of tobacco control is only37.3points, which at the bottom of hundred countries.Furthermore, China is a large agricultural nation,64%of the population is in rural areas, and most of them are farmers. These rural people have a higher smoking rates and tobacco daily use than urban people. Compared with urban area, China’s rural population has many particularities in economic and social characteristics. But our current smoking control measures and strategies for rural people are still lacking of pertinence. For this purpose,’the study of improve the ability and effect of tobacco control during rural areas’committed to explore tobacco control method and model which are pertinent, effective and sustainable for rural area. In order to know the condition of tobacco exposure of rural residents, this study carried out a cross-sectional epidemiological investigation, and the condition of tobacco using, smoking cessation, passive smoking, and the knowledge, attitude and practice had been collected. We hope that this information will helpful for the presentation, implementation and evaluation of intervention measures, which can control tobacco using of rural areas.Research results are as follows:1. Total number of questionnaires was6806, and6760was available in which there was3537males and3223females. The youngest was15years old and the oldest was82years old, the average age was43.8. Most of the people only graduated from middle school (37.59%). And86.05%of the population was married. The main occupation of this people was farmer, peasant-worker and Business&Services.2. Smoking(1) Total number of male was3537, whose smoking rate was67.15%. Male’s smoking rate increased with the rising of age. The smoking rate of15～19years was18.82%, and about50% for20～24years, and over the age of45years, the smoking rate in every age group were over75%. We also found that the smoking rate of male do have a trend relationship with education level, lower education level, higher smoking rate. And single male had a lower smoking rate than other marital status.(2) Total number of female is3537, whose smoking rate was0.87%. Most of the female smokers were greater than35years old, half of the female smokers were60years or older, and smokers always had a lower education level than other who don’t smoking. 2. Current smokingFemale’s current smoking rate was52.67%, except the15-19years group, the smoking rate was almost50% or more in the other age groups. Obviously, the age of start smoking of adolescents was yong.3. Smoking behavior(1) Male’s age to start smoking was from5to59years old, median19years old, and the median number of smoking years was24years. While, female’s age to start smoking was from7to59years median26.5years old, and the median number of smoking years was27years.(2) The main categories of tobacco were cigarettes and HanYan, the median number of consuming cigarettes was18per day, and500g per month for HanYan. Heavy smokers accounted for49.97% of all smokers, and this number was50.27% and25% for male and female, respectively.(3) The median cast of tobacco using was900RMB per year, and female’s spending was less than male’s.4. Smoking cessationThe smoking cessation rate of the rural residents we surveyed was21.55%, and the successful cessation rate was16.19%. There were34.96% of the current smokers going to quit smoking now. Both for successful and unsuccessful quitting smokers, the main reason for quitting were’sick’and’worry about sick’. Furthermore, the longest time for having quitted smoking was56years and almost53.28% of quitters had quitted for more than5years. Interestingly, most of the successful quitters had quittd once, but unsuccessful quitters tried to give up smoking for several times.5. Passive smokingThe passive smoking of the rural residents we surveyed was39.00%,38.26% for male and39.35% for female. We also found that passive smoking rate was higher in higher education level than in lower level for male. Furthermore, this rate for married was higher than unmarried within male, while within female, this condition is opposite. This study found that almost75.43% of the villagers were passive smoking every day. The main place for passive smoking was different for two genders, workplace for male and home for female.6. Knowledge, attitude and practiceFirst, we found that smokers will have different reaction behaviors when opponents have different identities. Second, non-smokers will also have different reaction behavior when smokers have different identities. Third, most of the villagers know that smoking is harmful for health, but don’t know which kinds of harm it takes.7. With logistic regression analysis, this study discovered that, in addition to the demographic characteristics, most knowledge, attitude and practice will also have influence on smoking, passive smoking and smoking cessation.Conclusions:1. In this area, the total smoking rate of rural resident was almost same with the national level in2002. But for male, the rate has risen, while for female, the rate has reduced.2. The main force of smoking is male, and the proportion of heavy smokers was more than half. Most of the female smokers were50years or older.3. In certain age groups, male’s smoking rate was increasing with the rising of age, evenmore, more than eighty percent of the male smokers started smoking before24years old. In this condition, tobacco control work should been adopt from youngsters.4. Because the smoking rate of male does have a reverse trend with education level within male, and all the female smokers are with low education level, we suggested that smoking control work should be aimed at low education level people, such as perceptual propaganda materials (waring images, et al.).5. The smoking rate for doctors and teachers was high, and they can not do a good example for other people. Therefore, some enforcement measure should focus on these people.6. It has a slight decrease about the smoking rate in this area than in national, but higher than in Shandong province. And the reason for smoking cessation is lack of initiative, most common reason for quitting was ill. Therefore, giving smokers a hand was one of our duties, the proposal was give them some help and guidance according to the clinical guidelines.7. Same with active smoking, passive smoking was also harm for out health, it has no Statistical significant in male and female. However, the main place for passive smoking was different for two genders, workplace for male and home for female.8. Belief affects practice. Most of the villagers known that smoking is harmful for health, but didn’t know which kinds of harm it takes. In a word, our tobacco control work was still having a long way to go and the existence of unhealthy social convention had made it difficult to done. |
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