Smoking And Passive Smoking Status And Its Influencing Factors In Henan Residents

Background:Tobacco has become to one of most serious health disaster in the history ofmankind. It is harmful to the environment, and it shortens life expectancy of humans.It has become to one of the worldwide public health problem badly need to be solved.Four thousand kinds of chemicals will be released in tobacco burning, containinglarge amounts of toxic and hazardous chemicals, carcinogens and radioactivesubstances. These chemicals are important risk factors for cancer, ischemic heartdisease, cerebrovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lowerrespiratory infections, tuberculosis and other diseases. About5,000,000people diefrom smoking-related diseases every year worldwide. The figure is estimated to soarto8,000,000by2030if tobacco is not effectively controlled. More than1billion lifewas taken away by tobacco-related diseases in the last century, on average, oneperson died from tobacco-related diseases per6seconds, and three quarters of themhappened in developing countries. Smoking is not only hazardous to smokersthemselves, but also harmful to surrounding crowds. Secondhand smoke is in a verygrim situation worldwide and their harm to children and women is particularlyserious. It is estimated that about two fifths of the world’s children, one third of thenon-smoking female and one third of non-smoking male suffer from varying degreesof secondhand smoke. Henan is the third most populated province with94.02millionpermanent residents in China with a large number of smokers. Therefore, understanding of smoking status, passive smoking status and quit smoking status and theirinfluencing factors in residents of Henan Province is of great significance for thefuture strategy of tobacco control.Purpose:To explore the status of smoking, passive smoking and the intention of quitsmoking and their influencing factors in residents of Henan Province and to furtherdetermine risk populations. According to health promotion theory, to explore acomprehensive tobacco control intervention model, and lend basis for Henan tobacco control strategies and measures.Methods:A multi-stage cluster sampling method was used to select samples.19,443permanent residents of15to74years were selected from Henan. Face to facequestionnaire was used to investigate tobacco related questions. EpiData software(version3.1) was used to establish the database, and SPSS software (version17.0)was used to manage and analyze data.Results:1. Smoking status: There were5495smokers in investigated Henan permanentresidents aged15to74years (including current smokers and former smokers), andsmoking rate was29.27%, current smoking rate was23.32%. For male, smokingrate was63.70%and current smoking rate was51.00%, while for female, smokingrate is1.27%, and current smoking rate was0.80%. Gender, age, education,andoccupation were influencing factors of smoking. Smoking rate rose with age, and the65to74age group had the highest smoking rate of36.15%. Smoking rates peoplewith different educational background had different smoking rate, while residentswith junior high school education had the highest smoking rate of34.69%. Officersin charge of party workers, enterprises had the highest smoking rate, The results ofcorrelation analysis found that smoking and drinking were positively correlated (r=0.78,P=0.003), with increasing frequency drinking, the amount of smoking increasedand heavy smoking rates rose, the heavy smoking rate of smokers with a weeklyfrequency of drinking5days or more reached31.50%.The average onset age of smokers was20.08±5.33years, of which73.97%ofmale and50.60%of female residents started smoking between the ages of10to20years old. Average tobacco consuming period was26.62±5.28years, with thelongest of which was58years and the shortest was one year.55.69%male smokerssmoked for more than20years, while only12.05%of female smokers smoked formore than20years. Current smokers consumed18.36±6.27cigarettes per day.Heavy smokers accounted for17.34%of all smokers, while heavy smoking rates ofmale and female was17.51%and8.43%respectively.2. Quit smoking status:1117of5495smokers quitted smoking, and the rate of quitting smoking was20.32%. Quitting smoking rate was19.87%in male smokers,while the rate was35.88%in female smokers. Successful quitters accounted for70.90%of all quitters. Quitting smoking rate and successful quitting smoking raterose with age. Residents with different occupations have different quitting smokingrate. Retired people had the highest quitting smoking rate and the highest successfulquitting smoking rate, while workers of service occupations had the lowest quittingsmoking rate of14.38%. It was worth noting that medical staff had the lowestsuccessful quitting smoking rate of33.33%.3. Passive smoking status: This survey found that the rate of passive smoking innon-smokers was40.86%for all residents, and36.33%in male and42.22%infemale non-smokers. Passive smoking happened in different kind of places in maleand female non-smokers. Male non-smokers suffered from passive mainly in publicplaces while female non-smokers suffered mainly in their homes. Analysis ofinfluencing factors of passive smoking showed that the probability of passivesmoking for female non-smokers was much higher than male non-smokers. Indifferent occupational groups, workers had the highest passive smoking risk (OR=3.382), followed by peasants (OR=2.993), while retired people have the lowestpassive smoking risk. The frequency of drinking above5days per week is the riskfactor for passive smoking in Henan residents.Conclusions:⑴The results of this study showed that the smoking rate of residents in HenanProvince was almost equal to the national smoking rate in2010, and smoking rate infemale is below the average rate of this nation.⑵73.97%male and50.60%female residents started smoking in their adolescentce.The onset age of smoking was quite young.⑶Current smokers in Henan were characterized of heavy smoking and longsmoking period. Smokers in Henan were mainly male ones, and their dailyconsumptions of tobacco and the proportion heavy smokers were relative high.⑷Quitting smoking rate was higher than the national rate, while successfulquitting smoking rate was not that high and the possibility of relapse is high.⑸Passive smoking rate was higher in female than in male residents. Passive smoking mainly happened in homes for female, while mainly in public places formale.