Comparative Studies On The Polysaccharides Of Schisandra Chinensis And Schisandra Sphenanthera Fruits

Schisandra Chinensis is the dried fruit of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill., and mainly distributesin the northeastern provinces of China, such as Liaoning, Jilin and Heilongjiang. Schisandrasphenanthera is the dried fruit of Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et Wils., and mainly distributes in thesouth of China, such as Guizhou, Guangxi, Sichuan, et al. In Chinese Pharmacopoeia the two plants aredifferent and have their own standards, but in the clinical application Schisandra Chinensis andSchisandra sphenanthera are always used without differing. Polysaccharide which is one of mainconstituents in the two plants has many bioactivities, such as antioxidant activity, antihepatotoxic activity,anti-aging activity, antifatigue activity and so on. Recent studies about Schisandra polysaccharide mainlyfocus on extraction, purification and some bioactivities; few researchers did the study on the structureactivity relationship. Seldom differences between the two polysaccharides were researched in the pastyears. So the study was designed to find the difference on structure and activities between the twopolysaccharide NPS and BPS, as well as Structure Activity Relationship of the two polysaccharides togive instruction for clinical application.Two methods of classification were used for this study: column chromatography and solventprecipitation. NPS1-1and BPS1-1were extracted and purified from Schisandra Chinensis and Schisandrasphenanthera through column chromatography. Firstly the main constituents including neutral sugar,uronic acid and protein of NPS1-1and BPS1-1were determined using colorimetric method. Then theirhomogeneity and molecular weight were measured through GPC and HPLC. Monosaccharide ratio wasdetermined by GC, then SEM, CD, FTIR, MALLS and AFM were used to analyze structure andconfiguration of NPS1-1and BPS1-1. The results showed that in NPS1-1and BPS1-1, themonosaccharides of highest ratio were galactose and glucose respectively. NPS1-1’s shape was granularand BPS-1’s shape was like strip. The stability of configuration of BPS1-1was better than NPS1-1. Thefunctional groups of NPS1-1and BPS1-1were similar and were almost all typical polysaccharide groupsthrough the results of FTIR. From the measurement of MALLS, the weight-average molecular weight ofNPS1-1and BPS1-1were2.22×10~6and2.65×10~6, NPS1-1’s radius of gyration (83nm) was smaller thanBPS1-1. Viscosity determination result showed that NPS1-1had higher intrinsic viscosity than BPS1-1.Then NPS-60and BPS-60were obtained through precipitation of ethanol of different concentration.Their configuration and bioactivities were analyzed in the study. Viscosity and molecular weight weremeasured for obtaining the configuration using Mark-Houwink formulation. The results showed NPS BPSand BPS-60are like all irregular clew, but NPS-60’s configuration was unsure because its M-H index wasin the table. The results of antioxidant bioactivities of the four polysaccharides showed that NPS-60hadthe highest effect of bioactivity, generally series of polysaccharide extracted from SchisandraSphenanthera had higher antioxidant activities than that of Schisandra Chinensis. Then due to the studydesign, NPS-60and BPS-60were modified through sulfation, acetylation and carboxymethylation. Themain constituents of derivatives including neutral sugar and uronic acid were analyzed to make a comparison with original samples. FTIR, Degree of substitution, antioxidant activities including DPPHscavenging effect, reducing power, and inhibition of lipid peroxidation were measured. The resultsshowed that typical functional groups which were produced from the derivation reaction existed in thepolysaccharides. The DS of sulfation and acetylation derivatives was higher than carboxymethylation.Through modification, the effects of NPS-60and BPS-60showed different tendency. NPS-60Sulfationderivative showed higher effect on inhibition of lipid peroxidation than BPS-60sulfation derivative, and itis also higher than the original sample. However, most of NPS-60and BPS-60derivatives showed lowereffect of the scavenging DPPH radical than original sample. In a word, there were many differences inNPS1-1BPS1-1and NPS-60BPS-60and the two medicine must be used respectively.