| ObjectiveTo look into the current distribution of iodine deficiency area in TaiYi Moutainous Areas through collecting water samples. To learn the iodine nutritional status of the vulnerable population under the current level of iodized salt in TaiYi Moutainous Areas by survey on iodine nutrion.To offer prevention and cure measures for the problems TaiYi Moutainous Areas facing in the process of eliminating iodine deficiency disorders.MethodsThe whole study is divided into two parts. The first part is investigation of iodine level in drinking water of iodine deficiency areas in TaiYi Moutainous Areas.Designated in Shandong province’s " to supplement iodized salt to eliminate the hazard of iodine deficiency management regulations",28iodine deficiency counties(districts) in TaiYi Moutainous Areas (including all the couties of Tai’an Linyi, Rizhao,Laiwu and several counties of Jining, Zibo,Weifang)were selected in the study.One to three copies of water source samples were collected by village.Water iodine content was tested by arsenic-cerium catalytic spectrophotometry. The areas with water iodine content below10μg/Lwas defined as iodine-deficient areas and among10-150μg/Lwere "iodine suitale areas" and greater than150μg/Lwere high iodine areas. The water iodine distribution map of iodine deficiency areas in TaiYi Moutainous Areas was made by GIS (geographic information system). The second part is survey on iodine of vulnerable population in TaiYi Moutainous Areas.Five groups of vulnerable population including school children aged8-10, pregnant women, infants, lactation women and women of childbearing age from TaiYi Moutainous Areas(Daiyue,Mengyin, Juxian counties) were surveyed, and the level of whom was examined by arsenic-cerium catalytic spectrophotometry.The edible salt iodine level was tested by direct titration.The thyroid of children aged8-10were checked by palpation and B ultrasound,and the IQ of which was mearsured by combine raven’s test in China(CRT-C2).All data was input into the computer, and the SPSS16.0software was adopted for statistical processing.Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric test was adopt for comparion between urinary and salt iodine.Comparision between rate is made by chi-square test.Single-factor analysis of variance(ANOVA) and multiple comparison (LSD method) was adopted for comparison between measurement data.Results1. The distribution of water iodineA total of25151water samples were collected. The mean water iodine was, and the median water iodine was.At the county level, in addition to Dongping county, other counties were conform to the standard for the classification of iodine deficiency areas (water iodine<10μg/L). At the township (town) level,95.1%(369/392) of the township (town) met criteria for the classification of iodine deficiency areas.2. The test result of edible saltA total of295edible salt samples were collected. The mean iodine of all samples was28.517mg/kg, and Juxian county (31.518mg/kg) is the biggest of all counties. The coverage rate of iodized salt was93.9%, and the rate of qualified iodized salt was88.47%, but these two indexes of Mengyin(85.29%,75.49%, respectively) were less than90%.3. The test result of urinary iodineThe median of urinary iodine of children aged8-10, infants, lactation women, pregnant women and women of childbearing age was222μg/L,270.5μg/L,169.7μg/L175.4μg/L and234μg/L,respectively. The median of urinary iodine of five types of vulnerable population were more than100μg/L.The rates are6.7%,53.3%,33.3%and6.7%for iodine deficiency, suitable iodine intake, over suitable iodine intake and excessive iodine intake, respectively.4. The result of per capita daily salt intakeA total of295students were surveyed. The mean and median of per capita daily salt intake are13.87g,13.34g, respectively. The daily person salt intake of the3areas are apparently higher than6g, which is recommended by the national salt intake.5. The test result of goiterThe goiter rates of children aged8-10were1.37%(4/298) by palpation and B-ultrasonic. Thyroid volume is from1.13ml to7.50ml, and the mean of which is3.061ml by B-ultrasonic. The difference of thyroid volume between all counties were significant in statistic by Single-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA).(F-1.662, P=0.001<0.05)6. The test result of goiter298Intelligence Quotient test were checked and the IQ was from102.19to110.86, the mean was107.94. The difference of IQ between all counties were not significant by Single-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA)(F=11.951, P<0.05). The difference of IQ’s distribution between all counties were not significant by Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric test (χ2=0.024, P>0.05).Conclusion1.Iodine deficiency areas of in TaiYi Moutainous Areas still exists in a wide range, these areas is still the key areas of iodine deficiency disorders(IDD) prevention and control at present and in the future.2. The current popularity of household’s consumpution of qualified iodized salt is suitable, and the rate of qualified iodized salt is on the high side. This iodized salt monitoring provivides baseline data of Iodine deficiency areas in TaiYi Moutainous before the new standards of iodized salt, and offers mearsures the basis for adjusting the concentration of iodized salt.3. The urinary iodine of5types of vulnerable population is on the high side, so it needs to avoid the problem of iodine excess in the process of iodine deficiency prevention and control.4. The per capita daily salt intake is on the high side, so it needs to take appropriate intervention measures. 5. The goiter rates of children aged8to10has declined, the levels of iodine nutrition of children is appropriate, which met the national standard of elination of iodine deficiency disorders(IDD). The prevention and control measures of adding iodine to salt is effective. |
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