| Objective:To identify the types of occupational hazard in the process of production project, test the strong degree of hazard factors, analyze the hazardous extent and the influence on the laborers’ health, evaluate facilities for control occupational hazard and their effect. According to this construction project’s characteristic, this paper mainly puts forward several special requirement on the key control points towards occupational diseases and their protective methods, brings forward supplement measures to items that have not met the requirement of protective system or unit in this project, and provides health administrative departments with scientific basis on the acceptance work of the occupational health protection facilities in this construction project. The paper here also offers basis to construction unit’s daily management work and occupational disease prevention work.Method:1. Field investigationProduction process survey:To observe the whole operation status, the whole process, and determine the types and distribution of occupational hazard in the production process.Workplace environment survey:To survey the site location, general layout, the specific production technology and equipment, the occupational protective facilities, first-aid facilities, personal protective equitments and so on.Occupational health management survey:To investigate the set of occupational health management structure, the establishment and implementation of occupational health rules, regulations and their routine practice, the situation of occupational health education and health care, and the archiving of occupational health data.2. Field detectionAccording to the requirement of relevant national technical regulations and standards, we test occupational hazard factors produced from production process under the normal condition, evaluate these risk factors’concentration and strong degrees, and assess the protective effect of prevention facilities against occupational hazard.3. Check table analysisThrough the detailed analysis and the research of construction project, we list inspection unit, basis, items, results, and the requirements. Compiled them into table and inspect whether they conform to the rules item by item, then evaluate the related content of the project, and determine what defects and potential hazards exist in the project.Results:1General layouts and equipment layouts General layouts are in accord with relevant standard requirement. If they follow the experts’suggestions for working system and corrective measures, some occupational harmful factors coming from the equipment layout can be reduced to a minimum, which are in line with health standard for the<Hygienic standards for the design of industrial enterprises>,(GBZ1-2010).2Occupational hazards factors testing2.1DustAmong the total36dust sampling points, only4of20short-time dust-exposure points are in accordance with the requirement of the occupational exposure limits,2of12long-time points are in line with the limits, and all of the respirable dust samples exceed the limits as well. From these above, dust indexs in this construction project disobey the standards heavily.2.2Toxic substanceFrom the total26poisonous sampling points, two points of benzene concentration in the spray paint job of dressing shop and mixed paint job of casting shop exceed the standard. All the others meet the requirement of occupational exposure limit.2.3Physical agentNoise:only3of46noise bases satisfy the requirement of exposure limits. In particular.3of4samples in Air compressor room exceed the limit, but no workers have been seen there.High temperature:as smelting operation on the second layer always have a higher temperature, select it as a test point, and results show all of them comply with the <Occupational exposure limits for hazardous agents in the workplace-physical agents>(GBZ2.2-2007).Illumination:we tested under the normal operation condition at night, only4of9work sites conform to the<standard for lighting design of buildings>(GB50034-2004).3facilities for control occupational hazard Although there are some necessary protective measures dealing with dust and poison, Data which are out of specifications illustrate these measures are not sufficient to assume heavy responsibilities.4Personal protective equipment Protective equipments the production work units supplied are in accordance with the rules of labor protection articles.5Architecture hygiene and auxiliary roomThe structure form of the project buildings follow with the relevant hygiene requirements, while the illumination design was not satisfied with the<standard for lighting design of buildings>(GB50034-2004).Auxiliary rooms which are built beside the plant do not meet the related provisions and requirement of<Hygienic standards for the design of industrial enterprises> GBZ1-2010, as the level of workshop health is class2.6First-aid facilityThe company has set up special management institutions to command emergency rescue work, and they have formulated the emergency rescue plan and organizions of regular training drills, which meet the requirement of relevant legal standards. 7Occupational health management and health careThe comprehensive management systems are in line with the relevant laws and regulations. Occupational health examination is also in consistent with the technical specifications for occupational health surveillance (GBZ188-2007).Conclusion:General layouts and equipment layouts, emergency rescue measures, occupational health management and health care is in line with the relevant legal standards on the whole. Although there is a large number of protective measures and equipments having been prepared, not yet used properly. Besides, illumination design and auxiliary room did not meet the requirement of health standard quitely. And what is worse, some occupational hazard factors are beyond the limits heavily, especially most of the dust points, benzene concentration on the relevant paint job, noise bases and low illumination in the tested workshops.As the site of construction project is so far away from the head office, administrators need to establish and improve the occupational health management system as soon as possible. And the regulations about operation procedures, occupational health archiving and the laborer health record should also establish in early time according to their production condition and occupational health standards. To get a good job on the occupational disease prevention work, the administration need enrich occupational health protection measures in details as well. In this way, fewer affairs about occupational disease will occur and the enterprise could give more effort to the longterm development of their enterprise... |
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