The Study Of Lunyu’s Antonyms

As one of the most important works during the pre-Qin period,"Lunyu" is full of colloquial savor and has broad coverage. Its vocabulary is various and the usage is flexible,so that makes itself valuable in language studies. On the basis of the previous research results and methods,I will take the antonyms in "Lunyu" as the research object.In this paper which focuses on statistics, classification and description is divided into five chapters.The first chapter is about "Lunyu" itself. First,it analyzes the corpus value of "Lunyu" in detail.Second, it introduces the current language research status of "Lunyu" from the point of view of grammar and vocabulary.The second chapter is about antonyms in "Lunyu". First of all, the current research status and significance of antonyms is explained from the aspects of the theory research and special books antonym research of Ancient Chinese Language. Secondly, it lists three standards to define the antonym by referring from various viewpoints:①Antonym exists in the same time, in the same lexical system and has a common semantic foundation;②The semantic relationship of antonym is opposite or relative in one or several sememes;③The antonym has the same grammatical meanin g.Thirdly, the antonyms can be classified into four types according to the antonymous relationship:opposite antonyms, polarity antonyms,interdependent antonyms and dire-ction opposite antonyms. Lastly, using the method of link and the method of reference, it describes how to identify the antonyms in a certain context.At the same time, it describes how to count. According to the principles and statistic methods of antonyms, there are256pairs of antonyms which are indentified in this book.The third chapter is about the classification and description of antonyms in "Lunyu".They are analyzed from four aspects:①According to the syllables,there are monosyllabic antonyms, disyllabic antonyms and imparisyllabic antonyms,in which the monosyllabic antonyms are in the majority;②According to the parts of speech, there are mainly five types:nouns, verbs, adjectives, pronouns, adverbs, in which the verb antonyms predominate in these antonyms;③According to the content of the word, they can be classified into state, characteristic, action, emotion and other eleven categories;④According to the semantic corresponding relationships,there are four groups:one meaning, word to word;one meaning, one word to words; a plurality of meanings, word to word; a plurality of meanings, one word to words.The fourth chapter is about the characteristics of antonyms in "Lunyu".The characteristics of antonyms can be summed up into six points:large quantity, neat structure, relativity, flexible usage, complex corresponding relationship and Imbalance.The fifth chapter is about the functions of antonyms in "Lunyu". The functions of antonyms are mainly illustrated in the ways of expression, rhetoric, word-building and analysis of word meanings.