Research On The Peace Negotiations To Liao Dynasty Of Wanyan Aguda

The dynasties of Liao and Jin co-existed for only a short period of10years(1115-1125), which were mainly war-based. Therefore, previous studies on thisperiod mainly deal with the struggle between the two parties. However, if we studythe period carefully, the peace negotiations between the two parts are also importantevents in the process. This article is based on Wanyan Aguda’s peace negotiationswith Liao Dynasty, attempting a more profound understanding of the period. Theperiod is divided into two phases. The first phase is the peace negotiations ofShouguo1styear of Jin Dynasty (1115), known as the Shouguo Negotiatons. Thesecond phase is from Tianfu1stto4thyears (1117-1120), known as Tian Funegotiations. The two negotiations both took place during the reign of Wanyan Agudareign, hence the title.The dissertation is divided into five parts.The first part is the introduction, introducing the previous studies, which servesas the base of this dissertation. However, there were no specific articles on this study,which leaves space for this dissertation.The second part is the background of the negotiations. This part analyses fromthe point of the development and conflicts of Jurchen and Liao before Jin Dynasty thedelicate and complicated relationships between Jurchen and Liao before the foundingof the dynasty, which can also be seen as the background of Shouguo and TianfuNegotiatons. The negotiations thereafter are also on the problems before Jin Dynasty.The Jurchen setting off the fight against the Liao Dynasty is the performance of theintensification of conflicts.The third part deals with Shouguo Negotiation. After the Jurchen armedresistance to the Liao, they got victory in several battles. In the first month of1115theJin Dynasty was founded, which aroused the discontent of the Liao Dynasty. Not longafter Jin announced the establishment, the King of Tianzuo sent a messenger to the Jinto have the negotiation, denounced the actions of Wanyan Aguda. However, Wanyan Aguda was not intimidated and proposed his targeted requirements. The negotiationslasted for about eight months. Liao just want to beat Jin by way of intimidation,without sincerity of peace. Jin was not intimidated and at the same time continuingthe war preparation. The two parties stopped the negotiations in the ninth month ofthe first year of Shouguo of Jin Dynasty (the fifth year of Tianqing of Liao Dynasty,1115) and the war broke out again.The fourth part analyzes the Tianfu Negotiations. When it came to the first yearof Tianfu of Jin Dynasty (the seventh year of Tianqing of Liao Dynasty,1117), Jingrew stronger while Liao was further weakened. However, from the view of outside,Liao was still a big state. At a state of steady lost, Liao proposed another peacenegotiation to Jin. Jin took the opportunity to request canonizing to the Liao Dynasty,which served as a prerequisite for the negotiation. Since then, the two parties took anumber of representations on the conditions proposed by Jin. This part firstintroduced the representations thoroughly and analyzed the purpose, process, the reigntitle and reasons for failure of the negotiation. Many factors lead to the failure. Fromthe negotiation can see at the early period, even until the Tianfu Negotiations Jin waswithout the intention of the demise of the Liao. After the war victory, internal affairsand constantly consolidate diplomatic success, Jin gradually grew the intention of thedemise of the Liao because of the weak consideration of the Liao Dynasty. Afterseveral negotiations, Liao did not fully meet the conditions by Jin. Jin mastered thepeace initiative in that case and the proposal has been unable to reach. In the fourthyear of Tianfu of Jin Dynasty (the tenth year of Tianqing of Liao Dynasty,1120), Jinstopped the negotiation with Liao and a bigger war broke out with the purpose ofdestroying Liao.The fifth part discusses the consequences of the Jin-Liao negotiations, whichincludes Shouguo negotiations, Tianfu negotiations and the whole negotiating period.It can be seen that Jin’s negotiations are positive while Liao’s are negative. Throughthe negotiations, Jin improved its power, announced its political stand and wonsupport of people; while Liao had no long-term plans, only wanting their ownpurposes or the negotiation itself, not understanding the real purpose. In the course of the war, both the strength and the balance of power should be taken intoconsideration. When the two parties are evenly matched, peace negotiations areunderstandable, however, when and how to negotiate has to be taken intoconsideration. Seen from the replacement of Liao by Jin is in accordance with thepace of history. From the whole negotiation process, the resourcefulness andingenious of Wanyan Aguda can also be felt.