Kant’s Construction Of The Concept Of "Thing"

By making a distinction between the sensation itself and the elements in the sensation, this article clarifies the objects of scientific cognition and philosophical cognition, of which the former analyses the givings in the sensation, while the latter the given sensation itself. Consequently, we make a conclution that if the givings in the sensation are to be recognized, our first priority is to analyse the given sensation itself. Thus, what is called as the foundation of epistemology is the task of analysing the sensation in itself. As Thing in itself can be presented in our perception, Human Beings, as a kind of bearers of Rational Beings, are Being-Together-With Thing, and unless this kind of Together-With is ontological, the cognition of us is impossible. Depending on it, we can say the Transcendental Philosophy is ontological philosophy. Now, on the basic of Transcendental Philosophy, what Kant should do is to analyse how the conscousness construct the Thing itself as object. Thus, the central task of Kant is to analyse the perception. In other word, how the conscousness integrates the presentation into an object with Logical Indentity.Because all the knowledge contains elements of quantity, quality and relation, the task of Kant is to give how the consciousness endows the presentation with them. Indeed, by the analysis of the Transcendental Philosophy, we find that, depending on its transcendenceness, the Pure Apperception of conscousness can make a synthetical unity of a priori matter, then the Transcendental Category can be got, so, it is possible for the category to be applied to the experience. Because the givings in the sensation are present in sensuous intuition, Space and Time as the pure form of the sensation become the core of the sensation analysis. However, not only the concepional form but matter is contained in transcendental category, Space and Time are not only formal, but transcendental matter must be contained in them, which is a contradiction for Kant. But if we accept the argument of Kant, category can be applied to the givings in the sensation. For the condition of the possibility of experience in general are at the same time conditions of the possibility of the objects of experience themselves. In other word, the possibility of the sensation is the possibility of the givings in sensation. In the end, the Thing as the object is constract as such, and, quantity, quality, causality and substance and so on can synthesize the Thing, so the Thing is with logical identity.Because the Physcal Thing is with logical identity, the scientifical knowledge confined by quantity, quality and causality is possible. By the analysis of our actual perception, this article is to experience and clarify the arguments of Kant, analyse the giving of Thing, and further, find the drawbacks of the arguments of Kant.