The Research On The Characteristic Of Zhu Yizun’s Biography

Zhu Yizun is acknowledged to be a universal genius of the scholars in the Early Qing. He had made great achievements in many fields, such as poetry, the classics and epigraphy. Actually, he is also an excellent biographer, created a number of distinctive biographies.113biographies are included in "Pu Shuting Anthology"-the anthology compiled by Zhu himself, including32for the history of Ming Dynasty,3characters and78inscriptions.Then, later generations collected another24biographies and putted them in "Pu Shuting Outside Anthology" and "Pu Shuting Supplement Anthology". Moreover, there are more than3400short biographies in"Ming poetry". All of these show us the wealth of Zhu’s biography creation. In the meantime,this paper argues that the guiding ideology,minds and sentiments,the specific writing of Zhu’s biography creation has the distinct characteristic of "respect emotion and value rationality"; the so-called "respect emotion" refers to take respecting natural true feelings and showing free and easy personality as the governing ideology, express the thoughts and feelings that meet the emotional appeal, creat biographies that has the sign of personal emotion;the so-called "value rationality" means attaching importance to normalization and benefit,expressing the thoughts and feelings that fit social interests and control the expression of emotion with sense, emphasizing the scientific theory during the biography writing.The formation of this feature has close contact with the ethos of the beginning of Qing Dynasty, Zhu’s social intercourse and his personal experiences, personality and learning manner.Visible,the research on Zhu’s biography creation has the positive sense to completing the research of Zhu and the beginningof Qing Dynasty.However,at present,the research production of Zhu’s biography creation is not comprehensive and not systematic, therefore, it is necessary to carry out a overall, systematic research.This paper takes Zhu’s biography as the main object,via multi-level and multi-angle carding and detailed interpretation of Zhu’s biographies to summarize its general appearance,then contact at the era, society and individual characteristics to dig deeper into the causes of the formation of creative features, explore the reasons of the characteristics’formation,order to more accurately understanding and positioning Zhu’s biography creation.The thesis consists of five parts. The first part is an introduction, mainly introduces Zhu Yizun’s achievements, the stage of research around Zhu and the present situation of the research on Zhu Yizun biography, based on this, put forwards the necessity of the research on Zhu’s biography, then present the biographical works and introduce the train of thought and methods. The second part, contact social ideological trend of early Qing Dynasty, to explore the age factor of the formation of "respect emotion and value rationality" from the macroscopic angle.This part will spread out discuss from three respects:the history writing upsurge and the establish of Zhu’s biography creation theory, the late Ming thoughts lingering and the emotion-respect tendency of Zhu’s biography creation, the practical learning trend and Zhu’s administration consciousness. Then point out the generality between Zhu’s biography creation and the zeitgeist of early Qing. The third part will be proceed with Zhu’s friends to the find the social factor of his biography characteristic. Through combing the contact of Zhu and Buyi literati, adherents of a former dynasty, Qing government officials, and their influence on the thought of Zhu, points out that some complex and conflicting emotions, such as the sympathy for whose talents remained unrecognized, feelings be "suppressed" of adherents and praises be "highlight" of Qing are exists in Zhu’s biography creation. The fourth part, with Zhu as the starting point, to find the individual factors of his biography characteristic from his experience, personality, academic and other aspects. This part will develop concretely from the relations between the change of Zhu’s mind and the tendency of choosing subject, his amorous character and the personal emotion experience writing in his biography creation, his scholar identity and the rationality of his biography creation, points out that Zhu’s biography creation has his personal color. The last part is a conclusion.