| The polychrome ceramic relics which existed a long period of time in Chinese ancient history also had a wide distribution around different Chinese ancient cultures. The polychrome ceramic relics own abundant information which play an important role in study ancient Chinese history, culture, economy, science and technology. However, because of long-time natural weathering, bad conservation environment and different degree of madesabotage, many polychrome ceramic relics had been damaged. That means the conservation is meaningful and urgently needed. The paper, based on the study of the polychrome ceramic of the Han dynasty in Yulin region, included four parts.In the first part, deterioration investigation, materials and techniques analysis of the Yulin polychrome ceramic relics were studied. According to the investigation, there were totally twelve kinds of diseases which included pigment fall-off, surface deposition, discoloration, clay covered, scratch, soluble salting out and so on. Polarization microscope and Raman spectrum were used to identify pigments. X-ray diffraction(XRD), X-ray fluorescence(XRF), scanning electron microscope(SEM), thermal dilatometer, etc. were applied to analyse the composition, elements, microscopic structure, phase identification,etc. of the ceramic samples. The results showed that the pigments mainly included carbon black, bone white, carclazyte, cinnabar, iron oxide red, ultramarine, China’s purple, etc. The ceramic samples were burned by the local clay.They were sand-up ceramic and the ceramic structure was close-grained. The results of firing temperature and petrographic analysis confirmed some ceramic had glazing phenomenon.In the second part, the properties of seven high polymer materials(Paraloid B72, Paraloid B48N, Primal SF-016, Primal968LO, Primal AC-268, Rhoplex MC-76, MDI Polyurethane) were studied. Three aging test methods:ultraviolet light ageing, thermal ageing and freeze thawing ageing were applied in the experiment. Nine tests:appearance changing, weightloss ratio, chrominance, glossiness, wetting angle, hardness of film, SEM, FTIR, UV-visible spectroscopy were used to evaluate the materials’properties before and after aging. According to the tests’ results, Primal SF-016was found to be the best material of the seven ones. Paraloid B72was extremely fraile after ultraviolet light ageing. And, Primal968LO, Rhoplex MC-76had well properties except the chrominance changing. Furthermore, we found ultraviolet light ageing had the largest influence to the materials, freeze thawing ageing was the second one and thermal ageing was the least.In the third part, nine materials included fish gum, peach gum and seven ones mentioned before were chosen to reinforce simulated polychrome ceramic samples. And then, four methods included appearance changing, chrominance, glossiness and super depth of field microscope were used to evaluate the simulated samples changing before and after ultraviolet light ageing and freeze thawing ageing. The results showed that blank samples were deeply affected by ultraviolet light ageing which means the reinforcing materials could effectively delay the colour changing. The chroma and appearance changing of peach gum were both serious, so it didn’t fit the conservation rules. Finally, Primal SF-016was found to be the most stable one which suggested to conservate the polychrome ceramic relics.The last part is about evaluating the conservation effect of two Yulin polychrome ceramic relics after reinforced by Primal SF-016.The paper was the first systematic study of the polychrome ceramic of the Han dynasty in Yulin region. According to the deterioration investigation, materials and techniques analysis, screening reinforcement material, reinforcing simulated polychrome ceramic samples, finally found SF-016was the best material suggested using in the conservation. The whole work owned an important meaning to the future conservation of the Yulin polychrome ceramic relics and also provided a scientific reference to other research. |
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