The Development And Preliminary Application In The Self-Esteem Scale Of College Students

[Objective]The goal of this study was to explore the structure of self-esteem of college students, to develop scale of self-esteem of college students, and to investigate the self-esteem in the students, to provide suggestion for educators to carry out psychological health education in the university.[Methods]Based on reading references and interviewing some students, we conduct an open-ended questionnaire survey to150college students; then we analyze the results, form a hypothesis about the basic structure of self-esteem of college students, and develop the initial scale of self-esteem of college students, according to relevant scales at home and abroad and experts’suggestions. We test the initial scale in650college students, and analyze the results by project analysis and exploratory factor analysis. We compile the self-esteem scale of college students. In addition, the characteristics of self-esteem of college students were investigated with this scale.[Results]The main results of the study as follows:(1)The self-designed scale of self-esteem of college students is of high reliability and good validity. According to the results of factor analysis, seven factors was found in the scale of self-esteem of college students:the self-esteem of study, the self-esteem of conversing, the self-esteem of family, the self-esteem of body, the self-esteem of altruism, the self-esteem of society and the holistic self-esteem, with37questions totally.The overall level of self-esteem of college students is present in dynamic changes. The self-esteem level of each factor from highest to lowest ranges is that:the self-esteem of family、the self-esteem of conversing、the self-esteem of altruism、the holistic self-esteem、the self-esteem of study、the self-esteem of society and the self-esteem of body.(2)The multiple analyze result show that, significant difference in genders、grade and professions has been found; There were no significant difference between urban and rural college student, and significant interactions have been found in several factors as follow:gender*grade、gender*professions、grade*profession、grade*birthplace、 gender*professions*birthplace.The gender differences analysis showed that, boys were higher than girls on the self-esteem of body and the self-esteem of society.There were significant difference between freshman and junior on the self-esteem of body, and freshman were higher than junior; the grade differences on the self-esteem of society analysis showed that, freshman> senior> sophomore> junior.Significant difference has been found on self-esteem of family、self-esteem of body、self-esteem of altruism and self-esteem of society between different professions of college students.The analysis with different birthplace showed that, urban students were higher than rural students on self-esteem of conversing and self-esteem of body.(3) The different analysis on other characteristics of self-esteem in college students showed that,There were no differences between singleton and non-singleton, different family finances and different consumption level on the self-esteem.The self-esteem of college students live together with parents was higher than the self-esteem of single families’students.There were significant differences on self-esteem between students in Jinan and students in Qingdao, and Jinan is higher than Qingdao. No difference has been found between students in other city of Shandong province.There was higher self-esteem level in students with ideal major than not ideal major one.There were significant differences on self-esteem between students with different daily learning time. The daily learning time differences analysis showed that,4-6hours>6-8hours> less than4hours> more than8hours.There were significant difference on self-esteem between students exercise every day and students don’t like to exercise.The self-esteem of never smoking students was higher than the self-esteem of smoking sometime and often smoking students.Being a Class cadre or not and whether participate in community activities or not had great influence on self-esteem of college students.[Conclusion](1)The self-esteem scale of college students was formed by the self-esteem of study, the self-esteem of conversing, the self-esteem of family, the self-esteem of body, the self-esteem of altruism, the self-esteem of society and the holistic self-esteem. Reliability and validity tests showed the total self-esteem scale of college students a high standard, and the scale was valid measurement questionnaires.(2) The overall self-esteem of college students is in dynamic changes, but tends to stability. Significant difference in genders、grade and professions has been found, and significant interactions have been found in several factors. Totally, boys were higher than girls on the self-esteem of body and the self-esteem of society, and medical students were higher than other professional students, and science students had the lowest level on self-esteem.(3) Students with ideal major participate in community activities proactively and never smoking had higher level of self-esteem than others. Daily learning time of college students was not proportional to the self-esteem level, there was highest self-esteem level in students with4-6hours’daily learning time. There were no differences between singleton and non-singleton different family finances and different consumption level on the self-esteem.(4)The disadvantages of the self-developed scale were that, we choose little research objects because of time and condition; the practice of self-esteem had yet started in university; the method of self-report is influenced by society desirability, self-defensive and contingencies of self-worth.