Controlled Study Of "Hu "," Mu "," Hi","Mi"Negative Prefix Japanese And Korean Languages

Hu, Mu, Hi, Mi are used in Japanese and Korean languages, showing the meaning of negation. There are some differences can be find in the combinations, meanings, and functions of the4words. The researches about negative prefixes have been last for several decades. The researches have done by now are all from the macroscopic perspectives, such as the summaries of the base or the meanings of words after combine with the negative prefixes or the negative meaning which expressed by the negative prefixes. In this essay, I will do more comprehensive and more concrete analysis on the negative prefixes of Hu, Mu, Hi, Mi, which are used in Japanese and Korean Languages, showing the characteristics of the composition of Japanese and Korean negative prefixes and also in the common expression by comparing the characteristics of these negative prefixes. The target is to build a clear standard for the learner of Japanese and Korean to distinguish these4negative prefixes and to avoid confusion.In this essay, I will make clear of the functions of the negative prefixes, and trying to understand the languages of the two countries by taking contrasts of the negative prefixes which are used by Japan and Korea in the same "Chinese character circle".Hu, Mu, Hi, Mi are all prefixes which express negations. Prefixes are seldom used along to show negation. They are usually ahead of some words to show negations of those words. There are lots of expressions that using Hu, Mu, Hi, Mi in Japanese, for example, Fukyouka (disallowance), muigi (meaningless), muaisou (unenthusiasm), hikinsoku (nonmetal), mikaiketsu (unsolved). The expressions such as Fukyouka (disallowance), muigi (meaningless), muaisou (unenthusiasm), hikinsoku (nonmetal), mikaiketsu (unsolved) are combined Chinese languages Hu, Mu, Hi, Mi with Chinese words. There are also some expressions like fuwatari (dishonour), muaisou (unenthusiasm), miharai (unpaid), which combine Chinese words hu, mu, hi, mi with Japanese languages. The number of the former takes the overwhelming majority, but the latter is using more frequent as common expression than the former. Therefore, both of these kinds of expressions, no matter the former one with a tremendous amount or the latter one be using frequently in daily life, are all absolutely necessary. There is hardly any expression like this in ancient or modern Chinese or Korean languages, which is spread from China in the ancient time.The type of negation with negative prefixes is different from the way that expressing negative meanings by using predicates in the last of sentences. It’s an interesting phenomenon that these Chinese expressions are remained in modern Japanese expression.The research objects of this essay are the negative prefixes in Chinese-type languages above. But, the loanwords such as anchi(anti) or non are excluded. Learning negative prefixes is a foundational and important part of learning negative forms, both Japanese native speaker and Japanese learner are all get used to use expressions that with the negative prefixes by accumulating vocabularies in usual reading. It’s necessary to study clearly of negative prefixes from all aspects, therefore, Japanese learner can truly master words with negative prefixes better.