A Discussion On The Rise Of Western Academic In Cheung Chau Han And Its Government Reform At The End Of The Shogunate In Japan.(1833-1867)

When mentioning the important events in modern Asian history, we will first think of Japanese Meiji Restoration and the Westernization Movement in China. In mid nineteenth century, there are serious social crises in both countries, but only the Japan have been got rid of the crisis through a series of efforts of30years. China was gradually reduced to a semi-colonial, semi-feudal society. The paper hopes to reveal the reasons of the success of the Meiji reform through exploring the relationship of the Naga Su han’s western academic communication, its political reform and the Meiji reform. The paper mainly discusses the following four aspects:Firstly, about the rise of the Naga Su han’s western academic. In the nineteenth century, with the development of commodity economy, serious social crisis appeared in Naga Su han. Domestically, the farmers and the subordinate warriors set off an armed riot frequently because of dissatisfaction with the exploitation of the grand farmers and grand businessmen. Serious financial deficits also appeared in their government because of the development of business. Internationally, western colonialists came in a throng, put forward the requirements of founding treaty, and tried to make it an overseas colony. Bakuhan system as the foundation of feudal system could not keep the Japan independent instead of leading to the weakness of the coastal defense. In order to deal with the crisis, Lord Maori respect parents decided to use the subordinate warriors to undertake the reform, and western learning developed rapidly as can be used as the theoretical foundation of the reform.Secondly, about the dissemination of the western academic. It’s the modern western thoughts. Specific performance: the military, the view of modern coast defence national defense theory; economic, mercantilism thought-industrial production yield policy put forward; the cultural education, mass education and national education management idea; politics, democracy and equality concept, as well as the solution way-establishment of the western representative system. The appearance of these ideas reflected the maturity of the Naga Su han’s western science.Thirdly, about the Naga Su han’s gavenment reform. It is generally accepted that the core of the Naga Su han’s politics is the reform of military.In order to adapt to the needs of the development military, they put education in an important position at all stages of the reform. However, with the development of western science, there are many important changes in the content of the political reform. Natural forest protection period, Murata breeze the introduction and put forward the plan of revitalizing western science in order to introduce the advanced western military technology. Ansei period, setting politics help inherited Murata policy, Kohei Sufu putting forward economic and military reforms, and broking through the shackles of Baku-han system to some extent. The duration of the fifth, KiDo TakaYoshi introduced the western advanced weapons, and he also conducted the military system reform, which essentially negated the Baku-han system, and promoted the birth of modern military. We can say that the dissemination of western science promoted the further development of reform, and the continuation of reform enlarged the field of communication of the western academic. However, Naga Su han’s politics reform didn’t practise politically the views of Fukuzawa Yukichi overthrowing the Baku-han system, and establishing the capitalist system. So there are still many limitations in the reform.In the fourth part, about the evaluation of the western academic in Naga Su han and its gavenment reform. First of all, the earliest popularity of the western academic in Naga Su han, it adapted to the needs of economic and social development,meanwhile it is successful.Because it is mainly on the existing Baku-han system, It is a kind of negation. Secondly, Naga Su han’s gevenment reform made an important impact on the southwest, and the patterns became the basis of the ToSa han’s reform; and laid a foundation for the building of Sa-chung Alliance, and also created a condition for inverted curtain movement. Finally, a lot of measures of the reform achievement and some thoughts advocated by reformers were inherited gradually by the Meiji Government, promoting the process of the modernization of Japan.However, Naga Su han’s gevenment reform is limited. These limitations determined the limitations of the Meiji Restoration to a certain extent, such as the Japanese spirit of Bushido respected by Yoshida Shoin et al., which buried the hidden trouble for Japan to be on the road of the external expansion.