Research On The Theory Of Social Criticism In "One-Dimensional Man"

This study treat the social critical theory of Marcuse as “society－history”theoretical model．The main feature of this model is holding the opinion that thedeveloped industrial society today has arrived at or approached a critical point with thedeveloping of technology, especially the application of automation technology This mayfinally cause two opposite possible results－liberal society or one－dimensionalsociety．The feature of liberal society is liberation, that is people will no longer need to belabored by survival competition, the nature will no longer be utilized or exploitedruthlessly and unfairly．The feature of one－dimensional society is one－dimensional,that means the society is a fully－depressed and unfair society, people are assimilated byreality and they are unaware of they are losing the inner dimensions of criticism，negation，transcendence and creation as the same of freedom．Marcuse holds the opinionwhich should be criticize that “one－dimensional” is the antonyms of “freedom”．Freedom has not been realized, or it＇s not agree with reality direction．Instead ofMarcuse＇s theory going wrong, the theory proves that technology itself is not onlyliberating force, but also the force what makes labor eternal．It also shows that people hasbeen firmly controlled by technology．Marcuse argues by two contrasts－historic contrastand the contrast between ideal condition and practical condition, in order to provewhether be manipulated by technology, and therefore form the subject of one－dimensional society．Marcus hold a positive attitude in this matter, that means he arguesthe truly existence of technology manipulation and do harm to the freedom of human．Sothere＇s a solution try to reverse the error development of the one－dimensional intechnology manipulation．My research based on the achievement get from documentdiscuss, and it pose a position for Marcuse＇s technology critical theory．Through theview, attitude and the standpoint of Marcuse＇s technical philosophy, and the oppositionand differentiate from transcendentalism and comtism of deep technical point of view, wecan judge that Marcuse is a truly traditional transcendental members．Marcuse, as atranscendental person, who treat human＇s freedom as the premise, is opposite withcomtism．So it＇s not strange that he always compare truly being with practical being and he reject any truth and concept be consistence with the fact like empiricism．Based on thereason and view above, when he face the technology phenomenon, especially after thedouble contrast－historic contrast and the contrast between ideal condition and practicalcondition, he found that technology has been used by people and has gain a legal statuson one way, while it has penetrated to every corner of people＇s life even consciousnessof human by different ways on the other way．Therefore, technology can not only makelabor eternal, but also make people lose their freedom．Additionally, in premise of thehypothesis of technical reason equal to reason itself, Marcus argues that technology haskinds of non－human features－depression, new control pattern, totalitarianism,ideologyand so on．It implied that technology has autonomy, logic, it＇s out of control by human,and so on．And this is not agree with the premise of transcendentalism．So seeking thetechnology root or analyzing the technology phenomenon are important jobs for Marcuse(or the other person of transcendentalism)．But the powerful technology power is relatedwith the cognition and definition of technology from Marcuse (or the other person oftranscendentalism)．It＇s an inevitable and urgently developing direction to pose the“solution” to eliminate theory difficulties in contradiction between technology autonomyabsolutization and human freedom absolutization．Otherwise, the freedom of human cannot be security and the technology problems can not be solved．But we can almost assurethe failure of theory mediation, because there＇s two absolutely subjects－freedom ofhuman and technology autonomy－exist there and be opposite from each other．...