| Herbet Marcuse(1898-1979)is an extremely representative philosopher of the left wing of Frankfurt School.He is regarded as a "new left philosopher" by western scholars.As a leading figure of Frankfurt School,Marcuse’s ideological theory includes many aspects such as philosophy,aesthetics,psychoanalysis and cultural criticism.Marcuse has many works,and his theoretical thought has been enriched and developed with the changes of the times and environment.As Marcuse’s famous work,the One Dimensional Man contains Marcuse’s unique perspective on the criticism of late developed capitalism-cultural criticism theory.By deeply excavating Marcuse’s cultural criticism theory,we can more clearly expose the disadvantages of the capitalist system and better reflect on the problems we encounter in the current cultural development.Based on the text of One Dimensional Man,this paper interprets it from the three dimensions of cultural criticism theory on the basis of in-depth analysis of the background and theoretical origin of the times.1.Marcuse’s cultural criticism theory is based on the criticism of capitalist science and technology.Marcuse clearly pointed out that the rapid development of science and technology has an increasing impact on the cultural field of Western capitalist countries.The capitalist ruling class then controls the needs of the public,the value of human existence is continuously weakened,the proletariat appears the phenomenon of assimilation,the scope of social alienation is expanding,and Science and technology has finally become a tool for the ruling class to maintain its ruling foundation,with obvious political intention.2.The essence of Marcuse’s cultural criticism theory is the criticism of ideology under the capitalist system.The ideology of science and technology in developed capitalist society has penetrated into all fields of society.In the economic field,the fuzziness between people’s real demand and false demand,and the emergence of consumption alienation;In the political field,the ruling class binds the public interests with their interests,which weakens the power of social change,obscures the prospect of change,and gradually perpetuates the state of repression;In the field of culture,the emergence of cultural industry has increased the trend of cultural integration.The elimination of the transcendence of "high-level culture" and the rigidity in the field of language have given birth to a new submissiveness.With the dispelling of the public’s "sense of misfortune",in order to pursue more material interests,people even ignore the existence of morality,and finally become the affirmative force of the developed capitalist society.3.The deep logic of Marcuse’s cultural criticism theory is the criticism of repressive culture.Marcuse combined Marxist alienation theory with some viewpoints in Freud’s psychoanalysis.Through the analysis of the origin and development process of repressive psychology,Marcuse focused on the essential characteristics of human lust under capitalism and elaborated the consequences of the suppression of lust in detail,forming his repressive cultural criticism theory.Marcuse tried to find a way of self salvation for mankind and establish a non repressive society through the liberation of individual erotic desire,the improvement of aesthetic level and the awakening of art.These three levels are interconnected and influence each other,which makes the cultural criticism theory discussed in Marcuse’s One Dimensional Man more complete and thorough.The critical spirit and humanistic feelings contained in Marcuse’s cultural critical theory are worthy of our study and reference.Although Marcuse’s cultural criticism theory has certain historical limitations,on the whole,it not only enriches and complements Marxism,but also criticizes contemporary capitalism with the times in an interdisciplinary and interdisciplinary way,which has a certain warning significance for the healthy development of China’s economy and culture. |
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