Rise Of Chahar People’s Anti-Japanese Army

The Chahar People’s Anti-Japanese Army (CPAA) was an important armed force thathad been sprang up in the early of1930’s. It played a significant role in history, although itspresence was only a few months.This article mainly aims to research the formation of the CPAA, elaborating the pivotalroles that Feng Yuxiang, Hu Hanmin, Fang Zhenwu and etc. have in it, and the help given toFeng Yuxiang by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). It further includes the analysis andstudy of Chiang Kai-shek’s attitude towards the Soviet Union and CPAA. There are fivesections as the followings:Firstly, it is the foreword part, introducing the research status, significance and methods;Secondly, it describes the historical backgrounds of the formation of the CPAA,including the origins of Japanese invasion to China,‘non-resistance policy’ that the ChineseNationalist Party (CNP) used, and the brave fighting to external aggression by patrioticsolders.Thirdly comes to the core part of this essay, which is the reason why the CPAA appeared.Starting with Chahar regional circumstances, the author explain why the armed force wasestablished in this area; after which this reason will be illustrated from numerous perspectives,ranging from elaborative preparation and endeavor by Feng Yuxiang and his formersubordinates as well as Hu Hanmin and other CNP members, to contributions the CCP makesto Feng, which constitutes the main forces of the army. In comparison, it will also discuss theobstructions created by Chiang Kai-shek and his attitude towards the Soviet Union, Europeand America. Therefore, the reason can be more comprehensively explained by domestic andforeign factors as well as favorable and unfavorable elements.The next part is another point this essay tends to emphasize, that is the objectiveevaluation of the CPAA establishment. The benefits are that CPAA satisfied the Chinese’desire of fighting against Japanese’s invasion and consolidated separate domestic forces; moreimportantly, it brought more people to join in the national salvation movements. However, drawbacks are that CPAA itself gravely hindered its future development, because of its localnature, serious divergence between leaders and its armed forces, and being lack of financialsupport, which due to the fact that it was formed voluntarily by Feng and other patrioticgenerals, against the CNP’s policy and permeated by CCP’s ‘leftism’.Lastly the article summaries the backgrounds and reasons of CPAA’s formation, praisesthe feats accomplished by Feng and other patriotic generals during the era of national danger,and purposes that such sacrifice and dauntless character should be learned and used incontemporary development.