A Pedagogical Grammar Of Chinese On The "Gei" Type Prepositions Based On Cognitive Linguistics

In this paper,"gei" and "jiao" and "rang" is three prepositions which are used frequently byChinese native speakers and foreign students who study Chinese, and according to the survey,foreign students who study Chinese make many mistakes when they talk with these words. Wemake some descriptions of the synchronic plane on these words from syntactic, semantic andpragmatic theory of three planes. We make diachronic and dynamic analysis on them from thegrammaticalization theory of cognitive linguistics, including image schema, metaphor theoryand prototype category theory. In the end, we put forward to the pedagogical grammar andinquisitional order of “gei” according to the pedagogical grammar of Chinese, and then the ideais verified by experiment and questionnaire. Then we put forward our own proposals.Part one: introduction. We put forward to the research object, significance, research status,research method and the corpus selected of the dielectric multi-category words "gei"" jiao""rang".Part two: We describe the dynamic meaning and the preposition meaning of these words."Gei"has two meanings as a verb:"give somebody something","allow or cause sb. to do something",it has four meanings as a preposition:"dielectric the recipients of things","dielectric therecipients of behavior ""dielectric the recipients of behavior results " and "dielectric theillocutionary of actions ".The meaning " dielectric the recipients of behavior " includes"dielectric the object which behavior points to","dielectric beneficiaries of behavior" and"dielectric victims of actions";"Jiao" as a verb has four meanings:"cry","call","name" and"allow", as prepositions it has the meaning " dielectric the illocutionary of actions "."Rang" asa verb has three meanings:"leaving the place before""humility" and "give advantage to others",as preposition it has one meaning:" dielectric the illocutionary of actions ". Part three: we analyze the three words based on the cognitive linguistics. First of all, in thispaper, we describe the process in which these words falsified into prepositions from verbs, andhighlight the differences and relationships between meanings in different stages."Gei" meaningas a preposition:"dielectric recipients of things" is developed from "giving ", this processreflects the close relationship between the usages of preposition and verb through thegrammaticalization. Then, we studied the reason for this situation–there are two kinds ofcognitive patterns: image schema model and metaphor model in the process of changing. So,we have a rational understanding of the relationships between the meanings. Finally, we findthe prototype usage of each word through the contrast analysis of the multiple meanings.Prototype usage has reference significance for understanding the other usages. These studieshave important significance for high efficiency of teaching Chinese as a foreign language.Part four: we put forward the pedagogical grammar of these words based on the studies before.Pedagogical grammar is different from general grammar knowledge and grammar theory, isnormative grammar designed for language learners, pedagogical grammar theory evaluates thedifficulty level of grammar knowledge. We put forward the pedagogical grammar idea of thesewords, and the idea is verified by experiment and questionnaire. Then, we put forward thepedagogical grammar including difficulty level of grammar points, teaching stage arrangementand so on.