Research On Neolithic Unearthed Jadewares In Midstream Area Of Hanshui River

Due to middle reaches of Hanshui River is located at the border of Yellow River basins and Yangtze River basins, its cultural features usually had two kinds of cultural system features of both areas. Moreover, on the other aspect, cultural replacement, the phenomenon that two cultural systems have been taken and retaken by each side aroused at the same time. Formerly, most of scholars’researches were concentrated on earthenwares, stone implements and the discussion of cultural contexts. Accordingly, only few people might focus on unearthed jadewares of this area. For all these reasons, this paper collected the materials of these unearthed jadewares detailedly, which also with some materials of jadewares of surrounding areas and some parts of survey data, in order to do a systemic pectination of them. In addition, by using the comparison and contrast on the form and technology, the author is trying to strive for the origin and status of development of prehistorical jadewares of this zone.This paper is concentrated on determined ages of unearthed jadewares according to the periodization of earthwares from ruins firstly. Then the author systematized them on the basis of former systematization, and by this research we can get a new view of appearances of jadewares. Third, the author consulted the comprehensive periodization and the model evolution of jadewares. In the light of the periodization and the researches of jadewares that collected systematically from the ruins of Gouwan, it can be seen that the different stonewares-making crafts of different preriods. Furthermore, we can deduce the crafts of prehistorical jadewares according to the comparison and contrast of use-ware and fabricated marks of unearthed jadewares and scraps. In this way, we could get a comprehensive understanding to crafts of making jadewares:it was a sublimation and extension of crafts of stonewares. Studying the origin of jade material can help to learn the condition of commercial and cultural communication between cultures. Considering with the geological environment and lithogenous distribution, this paper is trying to explore the possibility of origin of materials based on the reports of jade material identification and two latent sources---mountain materials and bench gravels. Besides, referred to the new discovery of jadewares of surrounding areas, this paper compared the model and crafts of jadewares with this area, especially which from several cemeteries of Hanshui River, and tried to expose the relationship between them. Finally, by the research of natural environment, the features of jadewares of ruins, and the social background of different periods, we could disclose that jadewares appearing at these area was closely related with the abundant jade materials. We could also understand it by the level of the meaning of social spirit---the jadewares unearthed from cemeteries were symbols of status and power, and the jade means of production unearthed from foundations of buildings still maintain a lot of technical and economic attributes. Cong, Bi and other ceremonial jadewares that unearthed at lower reaches of Yanghtz River basins can hardly be found at this region, which indicated that the fashion of offering sacrifices to heaven, earth and gods didn’t come into fashion in this region at the same time.