The Research On The Relations Between Culture And Ecological Environment Of Neolithic Age In The Middle Reaches Of Yangtze River

This article based upon the archaeology,complemented by the theories,the methods and the research results from the geology,the geography,the ecology and the statistics,has discussed the relations between culture and the ecological environment in the middle reaches of Yangtze River in Neolithic age from omni-direction,with a view to recover the Neolithic ecological culture in the middle reaches of Yangtze River,and further discussed the rule of ecological environment made on the formation and the development of culture in the function,thus revealed the relations between the cultural succession and the environmental changes.The first chapter utilizing the multi-disciplinary research results,has conducted the restoration researches to the ecological environmental vicissitude in the middle reaches of Yangtze River in Quaternary period.Our opinion is that ecological environmental vicissitude has had certain influence to humanity's life,the production and the social environment,thus impelled the birth of culture and the cultural succession.There was a synchronism between cultural succession and climatic changes. In suitable climatic period,society was stable and culture developed lushly.In fluctuant climatic period,the society was turbulent,and culture appeared retrogression,even decline.The new culture replacing old culture frequently happened in the conversion period of climate from cold to warm.The second chapter has discussed the relations between livelihood economy and the environment from the origin and the development of the rice agriculture,the formation of regional livelihood types, handicraft production in the middle reaches of Yangtze River in Neolithic Age.The author thought that the ecological environmental vicissitude was the main cause of rice agricultural origin,and dealing with population growth pressure was the direct agent,but humanity's productive forces and the technical level were the kinetic energy.The comprehensive survey drawed the conclusion:the north region of South mountain was one of the source areas where the rice agriculture came into being,but Dongting Lake plain was the main development area where was a suitable paddy area.There were close relationships between regional livelihood typical formation and the ecological environment.The difference of confined terrain landform,as well as the multiplicity of ecological resources was the primary cause of forming different regional livelihood types,and the unbalance of resources distribution was one of the reasons which the difference of regional handicraft types produced.The third chapter using statistics and the method of spatial analysis discussed the relations between space and time distribution of settlemental ruins,the settlemental typical distribution,the settlemental structure function layout,as well as the relations between the settlemental combination and the ecological environment in the middle reaches of Yangtze River.This article believed that surveyed from the time,settlemental quantity change in different cultural period or different development phase of the identical cultural period and the essential factors of ecological environment, specially the climatic change had the synchronism.In the stable climatic period,settlemental quantities increased,but in wavy climatic period,settlemental quantities reduced.Looked from the space,in the suitable climatic period,the settlement assumed the proliferation-like distribution,but in the unusual climatic period,the settlement assumed the accumulation-like distribution.The settlemental density of distribution change as well as the regional distribution change had the uniformity with each time cultural center change.The settlemental typical distribution and humanity's survival demands had essential relations.The water,food,safety were the three primary factors that humanity chosed the environment,thus formed various environmental type.The internal settlemental space layout was arranged according to the different function,but the regional function layout accommodated natural terrain.The total principle was meeting the needs of humanity,The fourth chapter embarking from the ecology system theory viewpoint,has emphatically analyzed confine rule that the macro ecosystem and the micro ecosystem made on formation of archaeological cultural characteristics in the middle reaches of Yangtze River in Neolithic Age,and expounded the promoting rule that geographical channel made on exchange of archaeological culture among different areas.